Pattern Language for Sustainability Science Initiatives
To operationalise our empirical learnings and address the challenge of making methodologies transferable accross various contexts, we propose a draft Pattern Language for Sustainability Science Initiatives that can provide a guide for other practitionners while facilitating adaptation to local conditions and contexts.We believe our pattern collection can provide a guide for practitioners seeking to invent their own solutions or question and improve their existing initiatives.
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EVALUATION METHODS
EVALUATION METHODS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION RECIPES
summary
Use speficic time of evaluation to assess progress and remain on track.
Argumentation
When navigating in a complex environment it is essential to take refelxive times (CONTINOUS REFLECTION PROCESS) to ensure we are still on track and adjust the strategy when necessary. Use RETROSPECTIVES format to assess what went well and what needs to be adjusted.
References
- Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
- Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION, RETROSPECTIVES
INTEGRATION OF ONLINE AND OFFLINE TOOLS
INTEGRATION OF ONLINE AND OFFLINE TOOLS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
summary
use online tools to support the overall process.
Argumentation
use of online tools to support process: notes, photos, links to methods and tools that were used are posted online during the event, so the knowledge base evolve organically with the group. the material collected before the meeting is reused during the meeting.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
ALTERNATION BETWEEN ONLINE AND OFFLINE INTERACTIONS
ITERATIVE PROCESS
ITERATIVE PROCESS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- STRATEGY
summary
Work step-by-step and test to keep the possibility to adjust as you go.
Argumentation
Iteration is the repetition of a process in order to generate a (possibly unbounded) sequence of outcomes. The sequence will approach some end point or end value. Each repetition of the process is a single iteration, and the outcome of each iteration is then the starting point of the next iteration.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
PROTOTYPING
MEAL-SHARING
MEAL-SHARING
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION RECIPES
summary
Sharing a meal is a great way to meet others, increase mutual knwoledge, trust and share informal discussion.
Argumentation
Creativity and innovation doesn’t happen only during the workshop but also during all the infromal times around. Within these, meal sharing is an imporant part of the group interaction helping to buil MUTUAL KNOWLEDGE and trust between participants, as well as giving birth to new ideas and projects.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- VARIOUS FACILITATION METHODS
MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS
MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- STRATEGY
summary
Bring multiple stakeholders to the discussion to enhance collective intelligence.
Argumentation
Working on complex topics requires multiples viewpoints and expertise COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE. therefore, it is essential that researchers conduct their work with multiple stakeholders whose perspective can enhance the quality of the result.
(WORK) SEQUENCES
(WORK) SEQUENCES
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN
summary
Use specific work sequences to address specific sub-goals
Argumentation
- Each SEQUENCE/METHOD followed roughly this structure:
- OPENING : describe the goal (EXPLICIT GOALS), and the principles of the method.
- EXPLORATION / GAME : the core of the strucured activity.
- CLOSING : a brief conclusion before going to the next step.
References
- Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
- Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
VARIOUS FACILITATION METHODS
ADAPTATIVE PROCESS
ADAPTATIVE PROCESS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
summary
Use an adaptive process to welcome the unexpected.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
EMERGENCE, PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION
ALIGNMENT METHODS
ALIGNMENT METHODS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION RECIPES
summary
Use alignment methods to make individual and collective visions on the topic explicit.
Argumentation
alignement on the topic: confront individual and collective vision on the topic, and make the result visible to the group. not a discussion or debat but a way to map opinions vision on the topic before going into debate. Helps to create a SHARED LANGAGUAGE.
References
- Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
- Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
VARIOUS FACILITATION METHODS
ALTERNATION BETWEEN ONLINE AND OFFLINE INTERACTIONS
ALTERNATION BETWEEN ONLINE AND OFFLINE INTERACTIONS
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
summary
Use online tools to enhance interactions before and after face-to-face meetings.
Argumentation
ONLINE POLLS, ONLINE WHO’S WHO help to start the collaborative dynamic before the presential meeting, and online time after to close the work and prepare the next workshop.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
INTEGRATION OF ONLINE AND OFFLINE TOOLS
ALTERNATION BETWEEN SUBGROUPS AND WHOLE GROUPS
ALTERNATION BETWEEN SUBGROUPS AND WHOLE GROUPS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
summary
Move between small and large groups configurations to keep discussions rich and interactive.
Argumentation
In large groups, it is difficult to have deep and meaningfull discussion and keep participants engaged. Therefore, to keep rich discussions and intereactive, design your workshop with ALTERNANCE BETWEEN SUBGROUPS AND WHOLE GROUPS. Ask yourself which phase can be done in small groups ? In which phase is it essential to be work as a large group ?
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
VARIOUS GROUP ORGANIZATIONS
APPROPRIATE GRANULARITY
APPROPRIATE GRANULARITY
PATTERN Category
- COMPOSTABILITY
summary
Break knowledge into small chunks to facilitate reuse in other context
Argumentation
Content should be share in small grains so as to be more easily understandable and searchable.
We used patterns formats to share best practices. Ensure the knowledge grai nare of appropriate granularity ie, not too small or not too big.
We used patterns formats to share best practices. Ensure the knowledge grai nare of appropriate granularity ie, not too small or not too big.
BUDGET
BUDGET
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- ENABLING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS
summary
Plan an explicit budget in advance.
Argumentation
Oberlack et al 2019 : "Our review showed that ToC use was particularly successful when projects explicitly budgeted and planned the process in advance, and agreed on joint meetings from the beginning."
References
Oberlack et al 2019
CO-DESIGN
CO-DESIGN
PATTERN Category
- STRATEGY
summary
Use co-design process to conceive your strategy.
Argumentation
The main design of the strategy and the workshop was a collaborative process invovlving CORE ORGANIZATION GROUP of academic and non academic partners.
Co-design of meeting goals and structures
Co-design also happened at other levels : Some elements of the strategy were discussed and designed with a PILOT COMITEE to assess the appropriateness of the strategy, while some elements of the actual workshops design were discussed with some participants.
Co-design of meeting goals and structures
Co-design also happened at other levels : Some elements of the strategy were discussed and designed with a PILOT COMITEE to assess the appropriateness of the strategy, while some elements of the actual workshops design were discussed with some participants.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
PILOT COMITEE
COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ECOSYSTEM
COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ECOSYSTEM
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN
summary
Create a COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ECOSYSTEM to promote the development of collaborative skills
Argumentation
Multistakeholders projects are inherently collaborative. Therefore, developping collaborative skills both at the individual and group levels appears to be essential for productive exchanges between multiple actors [ref].
A recent thesis in Education Sciences proposed a model of key competences that are essential to lead a collaborative project [Sanojca, 2018] and offered insight as how to promote the development of these collaborative skills. The study concludes that, rather than using an approach that treat the development of each skill separately by specific exercises, it is preferable to design an ecosystem favorable to the development of collaborative skills.
This involves LEARNING BY DOING, REFLEXIVE PRACTICES, MULTISTAKEHOLDERS
A recent thesis in Education Sciences proposed a model of key competences that are essential to lead a collaborative project [Sanojca, 2018] and offered insight as how to promote the development of these collaborative skills. The study concludes that, rather than using an approach that treat the development of each skill separately by specific exercises, it is preferable to design an ecosystem favorable to the development of collaborative skills.
This involves LEARNING BY DOING, REFLEXIVE PRACTICES, MULTISTAKEHOLDERS
References
- Sanojca, E (2018). Les compétences collaboratives et leur développement en formation d’adultes : le cas d’une formation hybride. PHD Thesis.
- Kim, E. E. (2014). Collaboration Muscles & Mindsets. Self-published.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
LEARNING BY DOING, REFLEXIVE PRACTICES, MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS
COLLABORATIVE SKILLS
COLLABORATIVE SKILLS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- ENABLING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS
summary
Enhance collaborative skills in the group
Argumentation
According to Sanojca (2018) there are 3 core collaborative skills that collaborative groups have :
Having a “collaborative spirit” :This quality would mark a predisposition to enter into cooperation, it includes:
Having a “collaborative spirit” :This quality would mark a predisposition to enter into cooperation, it includes:
- have a positive a priori towards collaboration
- operate in reciprocity mode
- be aware of interdependence with others
- Co-designing the structure of his project : Animate a collaborative project starts from the design. Co-designing the structure of your project from the start would strengthen commitment and mutual motivation.
- Having a concern for the common good : A project will generate productions. Placing these productions under the seal of the “common” would indicate the maturity of a group to cooperate / collaborate and would consolidate the long-term commitment
References
Sanojca, E.. Les compétences collaboratives et leur développement en formation d’adultes : le cas d’une formation hybride. Education. Université Rennes 2, 2018. Français. PHD Thesis. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01709910
COLLABORATIVELY DEFINED INDICATORS
COLLABORATIVELY DEFINED INDICATORS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- STRATEGY
summary
Build collaborativelly indicators that fit in your context.
Argumentation
There are no right and objectives indicators that work in all contexts so it is preferable to defined indicators collaboratively so they are fit to the contest studied.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
EVALUATION PRACTICES, PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION, REGULAR GOAL ASSESSMENT
COMPOSTABILITY
COMPOSTABILITY
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- COMPOSTABILITY
summary
Knowledge should be easy to break down, reuse and recycling just like nutrients in nature.
Argumentation
use the metaphor of nutrient cycling in living system. essentially any knowledge that cannot be reused because of legal or technical reason cannot be reused, recycled in other context is like plastic that cannot be reused by other living systems
Projects and organizations live and die, but the data and knowledge produced should not disappear with them. Create the conditions so that any project funded by public money could be possibly replicated
Projects and organizations live and die, but the data and knowledge produced should not disappear with them. Create the conditions so that any project funded by public money could be possibly replicated
References
Marseault, L. and Lalande, R. (2016) La compostabilité : pour un écosystème de projets vivaces. Français. self published. https://ressources.osons.cc/?PetitPrecisDeCompostabiliteDesprojets
Ricaud, 2014 Open social innovation, a new intellectual framework to facilitate the sharing of social practices https://www.academia.edu/7594341/Open_social_innovation_a_new_intellectual_framework_to_facilitate_the_sharing_of_social_practices
Ricaud, 2014 Open social innovation, a new intellectual framework to facilitate the sharing of social practices https://www.academia.edu/7594341/Open_social_innovation_a_new_intellectual_framework_to_facilitate_the_sharing_of_social_practices
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
SHARED RECIPES, APPROPRIATE GRANULARITY, FREE LICENCE, FREE/LIBRE SOFTWARE, INTEROPERABILITY, PATTERNS, PATTERN LANGUAGE, SIMPLIFIED PATTERN MINING, PATTERN DATABASE
CONTEXTUALIZED CAUSES / CONTEXT CONDITIONS
CONTEXTUALIZED CAUSES / CONTEXT CONDITIONS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
References
Oberlack 2019
CORE ORGANIZATION GROUP
CORE ORGANIZATION GROUP
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- STRATEGY
summary
Use a small interdisciplinary group to organize the CO-DESIGN process.
Argumentation
Small group made of 2 researchers, 2 PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS. The small size of the group ensured the process remained fluid and the meetings were easy.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
CO-DESIGN, PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS
CREATIVE TECHNICS
CREATIVE TECHNICS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
Argumentation
Ingredients for creativity includes :
Ingredients for creativity includes :
- use of movement,
- GENERATIVE QUESTIONS,
- constraints,
- make people work with their hands
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
IDEATION METHODS
CULTURAL CONTEXT
CULTURAL CONTEXT
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- STRATEGY
summary
Make sure your strategy suits the cultural context of your intervention.
Argumentation
Cultural context looks at the society individuals are raised in and at how their culture affects behavior. It incorporates learned values and shared attitudes among groups of people. It includes language, norms, customs, ideas, beliefs and meanings.
When working with MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS approaches designers should always keep in mind and account for the difference of cultural context from various participants.
When working with MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS approaches designers should always keep in mind and account for the difference of cultural context from various participants.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS, INTERDISCIPINARITY
DIAGNOSES
DIAGNOSES
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
References
Oberlack et al 2019
DIALOGUE MAPPING
DIALOGUE MAPPING
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION RECIPES
summary
Map discussions and make them visible to enhance reflexive thinking
Argumentation
Live mapping and projection of discussion using VIDEOPROJECTOR or STICKY NOTES to enhance reflexive thinking from participants (REFLEXIVITY).
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION, VIDEOPROJECTOR, STICKY NOTES
DISCUSSION AND DEBATE METHODS
DISCUSSION AND DEBATE METHODS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION RECIPES
summary
to get fruitfull discussions, use methods that enhance active listening within the group.
Argumentation
Good discussions where all voices can be heard are rare. Yet there are some simple but powerfull methods that can greatly enhance the quality of discussions and the allo exchange of opinions in a productive way.
Therefore choose specific methods (TALKING STICK, FISHBOWL, CIRCLES, ...) that favor ACTIVE LISTENING, combine them with DIALOGUE MAPPING
Therefore choose specific methods (TALKING STICK, FISHBOWL, CIRCLES, ...) that favor ACTIVE LISTENING, combine them with DIALOGUE MAPPING
References
- Art of hosting http://www.artofhosting.org/
- Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
- Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- VARIOUS FACILITATION METHODS
DOCUMENT STORAGE
DOCUMENT STORAGE
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
summary
Use an online document storage to store key documents
Argumentation
Store all key documents in place where participants can access them easily before, during and after the face to face meetings.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- OPEN WIKI PLATFORM
EMERGENCE
EMERGENCE
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
Argumentation
Complex systems are non-linear, so working with complexity requires to accept unpredictability and leave EMPTY SPACES for new things, ideas, … to emerge.
EMPTY SPACES
EMPTY SPACES
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
summary
Leave some space and time for unexpected things to emerge,
Argumentation
Because we work with complex systems that can display unexpected outcomes and we always have KNOWLEDGE GAPS, leave some space and time for unexpected things to emerge ( (discussions ,ideas, topics)
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- KNOWLEDGE GAPS
- EMERGENCE
ENABLING ARCHITECTURES
ENABLING ARCHITECTURES
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
summary
Make sure architectures don't restrain the emerging process
Argumentation
Remain aware of the impact of architecture on the process: informal space, flexible spaces that can be reorganized easily during the process. fixed architectures that can bloc interactions. Amphitheather have rigid unflexible architecture, open spaces with chairs and small tables are better.
In a similar way, most classic intranet tools have rigid unflexible architecture, whereas wikis wrap around the needs of the process and the users.
In a similar way, most classic intranet tools have rigid unflexible architecture, whereas wikis wrap around the needs of the process and the users.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
CIRCLES, EMPTY SPACES, EMERGENCE, INFORMAL INTERACTION SPACES, VARIOUS GROUP ORGANIZATIONS, ENABLING DIGITAL TOOLS, WIKI OPEN PLATFORM,,
ENABLING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS
ENABLING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
summary
Ensure conditions are enable resource-intensive participatory process.
Argumentation
Oberlack et al 2019 : " ToCs are resource-intensive due to their continuous, participatory character. As noted, ToCs are especially useful if elaborated collaboratively and employed in an ongoing process of critical reflection and learning. This requires that project members and stakeholders are willing and able to spend sufficient time and resources actively engaging in the process. Our review showed that ToC use was particularly successful when projects explicitly budgeted and planned the process in advance, and agreed on joint meetings from the beginning. Nevertheless, we also found that joint elaboration of ToCs with all project stakeholders, often from different back- grounds, can be challenging, and compromise may be necessary to agree on goals. Indeed, establishing shared goals is essential to developing ToCs that can be used to generate transformation knowledge.
References
source : Oberlack et al 2019
EVALUATION AND FEEDBACK MECHANISMS
EVALUATION AND FEEDBACK MECHANISMS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- STRATEGY
summary
Use evaluation and feedback mechanisms to assess progress and adjust goals and process.
Argumentation
Use RETROSPECTIVE to evaluate progress both in the core organizing group, with MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS at the end of some sequences, or workshops. Use ONLINE POLLS before or after the presential workshops to get feedback on what’s expected by participants or how the workshop went. Use FEEDBACK WALLS or VIDEOPROJECTORS to make information visible during the workshops.
References
- Agile software development : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agile_software_development
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
FEEDBACK WALLS, VIDEOPROJECTORS, ONLINE POLLS, RETROSPECTIVE, MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS
EXPERTS AS FACILITATORS
EXPERTS AS FACILITATORS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
summary
Bring experts that are able ask the right questions rather than give the right answer.
Argumentation
- Most often experts are called to deliver knowledge to listeners, they come to deliver their truth and go. In complex topics, we need to accept the fact that every participant is, to some degree, an expert within his own field. To balance the need to listen to participants voice while also using experts knowledge it can be interesting to reverse the traditional schematics.
EXPLICIT CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS
EXPLICIT CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
Argumentation
ToCs facilitate project planning by explicitly articulating critical assumptions regarding the links of the project with societal transformations.
Joint development of a ToC forces project members to diagnose as precisely as possible the current state of the system, including perceptions of it.
Building on this diagnosis, the ToC development process urges them to develop explicit hypotheses about how intended transformations could unfold. Through in-depth dialogue, the tacit knowledge and implicit suppositions of actors become explicit and debatable.
Scientific theories of societal transformation can reinforce or correct claims about transformations and the potential roles of the project therein. ToCs highlight the activities that are particularly critical to realize transformative ambitions. This aids in formulating, fine-tuning, and sequencing project activities. It also helps in developing risk management strategies and allocating staff and financial resources in view of goals and pathways to impacts. Identification of risks and respective mitigation strategies was included in many of the projects reviewed. However, we found no commonly agreed way of using ToC in project planning, and projects varied in the level of sophistication of their ToCs."
Joint development of a ToC forces project members to diagnose as precisely as possible the current state of the system, including perceptions of it.
Building on this diagnosis, the ToC development process urges them to develop explicit hypotheses about how intended transformations could unfold. Through in-depth dialogue, the tacit knowledge and implicit suppositions of actors become explicit and debatable.
Scientific theories of societal transformation can reinforce or correct claims about transformations and the potential roles of the project therein. ToCs highlight the activities that are particularly critical to realize transformative ambitions. This aids in formulating, fine-tuning, and sequencing project activities. It also helps in developing risk management strategies and allocating staff and financial resources in view of goals and pathways to impacts. Identification of risks and respective mitigation strategies was included in many of the projects reviewed. However, we found no commonly agreed way of using ToC in project planning, and projects varied in the level of sophistication of their ToCs."
References
Oberlack et al 2019.
EXPLICIT GOALS
EXPLICIT GOALS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN
summary
make sequence goal explicit
Argumentation
Everytime you enter a new sequence or workshop, explain the logic behinf the choixes : why we are doing it that way ? What goals do we want to reach ?
FERTILE DISAGREEMENTS
FERTILE DISAGREEMENTS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
summary
Look at disagreements as opportunities for fruitfull discussions
Argumentation
Identify controversies and look at them as promises for fruitfull discussion rather than to try to avoid them and remain in consensus.
FLEXIBLE WORKSHOP STRUCTURE
FLEXIBLE WORKSHOP STRUCTURE
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN
summary
Keep some flexibility in your workshop design to be able to respond to unexpected and interesting things that emerge.
Argumentation
Planning is essential, particularly when working with large and diverse groups. However when everything is planned before hand, there is no EMPTY SPACE for unxpected things. When sorking with complex systems we often work with thing that we don't knwo we don't know (KNOWLEDGE GAPS), so it is important to account for that .
Though it is important that the overall plan of the workshop is known and structured, it is equally important to allow for some flexibility so as to be able to respond to unexpected and interesting things that emerge during the process.
Therefore, keep some flexibility in your workshop design to be able to respond to unexpected and interesting things that emerge.
Though it is important that the overall plan of the workshop is known and structured, it is equally important to allow for some flexibility so as to be able to respond to unexpected and interesting things that emerge during the process.
Therefore, keep some flexibility in your workshop design to be able to respond to unexpected and interesting things that emerge.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
FUZZY GOALS, REFLEXIVE PRACTICES.
FREE LICENCE
FREE LICENCE
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- COMPOSTABILITY
summary
Prevent knowledge enclosure and privatization by using free licence
Argumentation
Copyright that prevents spontaneous reuse of information sometimes forces to reinvent things which have already done elsewhere. For sustainability it is important to allow reuse of content and material so that it can be easily reused and improved.
References
- Free licences https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_license
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
COMPOSTABILITY
FREE/LIBRE SOFTWARE
FREE/LIBRE SOFTWARE
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- COMPOSTABILITY
summary
Use free open tools to ensure data can be transfered and reused by all without constraints.
Argumentation
Most proprietary software used close code that makes it impossible to customize the tool to specific needs. In addition tool most often requires an expensive subscription that makes it difficult to use for actors with low financial ressources. Finally many proprietary software have also proprietary formats that makes it difficult to share data.
Therefore, it is important to prefer free/libre software that can be possibly customized, improved and used interorable formats often for a free or low price.
Therefore, it is important to prefer free/libre software that can be possibly customized, improved and used interorable formats often for a free or low price.
References
Where Will I Find Love: Keys to a Successful Online Dating
The Importance Of Breaking Rapport
Does It Matter What You Say To Women
Chance For Love
Nonverbal Body Language – That Women Find Attractive
Your Time-bound Married life
Hurt and Confused in long distance relationship
The Power of Positive Thinking When Dating at Backpage
How Towards Crank out First Date Flow
We all know how sexting begins at Backpage
The Importance Of Breaking Rapport
Does It Matter What You Say To Women
Chance For Love
Nonverbal Body Language – That Women Find Attractive
Your Time-bound Married life
Hurt and Confused in long distance relationship
The Power of Positive Thinking When Dating at Backpage
How Towards Crank out First Date Flow
We all know how sexting begins at Backpage
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
COMPOSTABILITY
FUZZY GOALS
FUZZY GOALS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- STRATEGY
summary
Use fuzzy goals to motivates the general direction of the work, without blinding the team to opportunities along the journey.
Argumentation
In a paper titled “Radical innovation: crossing boundaries with interdisciplinary teams,” Cambridge researcher Alan Blackwell and colleagues identified fuzzy goals (they called it a pole-star vision) as an essential element of successful innovation. A fuzzy goal is one that “motivates the general direction of the work, without blinding the team to opportunities along the journey.”
Kuenkel, P. (2017) propose a new mindset : "Taking goals as transformative guidance shifts", ie going from : aspiring to reach targets defined as measurable stable future state or static target, to taking goals as temporarily binding guidance for achieving a dynamic balance in better fun-ctioning patterns while using metrics to conti-nuously learn how to further improve patterns.
Kuenkel, P. (2017) propose a new mindset : "Taking goals as transformative guidance shifts", ie going from : aspiring to reach targets defined as measurable stable future state or static target, to taking goals as temporarily binding guidance for achieving a dynamic balance in better fun-ctioning patterns while using metrics to conti-nuously learn how to further improve patterns.
References
http://wiki.collectiveleadership.com/images/c/c3/Collective_Leadership_Studies_Vol5_A_Pattern_Approach_to_Stewarding_Sustainability_Transformation.pdf
- Blackwell et al : Radical innovation: crossing boundaries with interdisciplinary teams,”
- Kuenkel, P. (2017). A pattern approach to stewarding sustainability transformation How the 17th SDGs can become a starting point for transformative change. Collective Leadership studies volume.
http://wiki.collectiveleadership.com/images/c/c3/Collective_Leadership_Studies_Vol5_A_Pattern_Approach_to_Stewarding_Sustainability_Transformation.pdf
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- MEANINGFULL AND ATTAINABLE GOALS
- SHARED GOALS
- REGULAR GOAL ASSESSMENTS
GROUP WORKS FACILITATION PATTERNS
GROUP WORKS FACILITATION PATTERNS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
summary
Learn to identify and use patterns that influence group dynamics.
Argumentation
Many more facilitation patterns can be found : https://groupworksdeck.org/patterns_by_category
HIGH TRUST GROUPS
HIGH TRUST GROUPS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- STRATEGY
summary
Focus on trust-building between key players.
Argumentation
A project is like a tree without strong and deep roots, it will fall down after the first storm. Trust and mutual understanding between participants are the most essential roots of a collective project.
Trust is an essential part of effective collaboration. Without it, most groups fall apart. However, we are often naive in how we design for trust.
Therefore, invest a lot of time to build to build mutual understanding and trust between participants. No matter how sophisticated your design, high trust.
High-trust groups are about forgiveness. Low-trust groups are about permission.
In low-trust groups, people fear that they won’t be properly represented and that others won’t make good decisions on their own, so they insist on being part of every decision. Decision-making is often time-consuming and ineffective as a result. These groups often try to compensate by adding more rigid, formal governance structures.
There are two ways to navigate around this. The first is to remember that there are other ways to invest in trust beyond building new structures — specifically, investing in relationships. The second is to think more intentionally and creatively about the structures you build.
Invest in relationships first, then design structures that reinforce, rather than replace, trust. When you design for trust, the results are often simpler and more elegant (and sometimes counter-intuitive). These designs give up control rather than assert it, resulting in greater agility and higher quality.
Trust is an essential part of effective collaboration. Without it, most groups fall apart. However, we are often naive in how we design for trust.
Therefore, invest a lot of time to build to build mutual understanding and trust between participants. No matter how sophisticated your design, high trust.
High-trust groups are about forgiveness. Low-trust groups are about permission.
In low-trust groups, people fear that they won’t be properly represented and that others won’t make good decisions on their own, so they insist on being part of every decision. Decision-making is often time-consuming and ineffective as a result. These groups often try to compensate by adding more rigid, formal governance structures.
There are two ways to navigate around this. The first is to remember that there are other ways to invest in trust beyond building new structures — specifically, investing in relationships. The second is to think more intentionally and creatively about the structures you build.
Invest in relationships first, then design structures that reinforce, rather than replace, trust. When you design for trust, the results are often simpler and more elegant (and sometimes counter-intuitive). These designs give up control rather than assert it, resulting in greater agility and higher quality.
References
- Kim, E.E. (2014) Investing in and Designing for Trust http://fasterthan20.com/2014/08/investing-in-and-designing-for-trust/
- Marseault, L. Personal communication
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- VARIOUS FACILITATION METHODS
- NARRATIVE TECHNICS
- MEAL SHARING
- ICEBREAKERS
ICEBREAKERS
ICEBREAKERS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION RECIPES
summary
Use icebreaker sequence to increase trust and mutual knowlegde between participants.
Argumentation
one of the prerequisite for effective collaboration is mutual knowledge and trust building between participants. This was achieved using specific facilitation methods such as icebreakers. icebreakers and mutual knowledge
References
- Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
- Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
VARIOUS FACILITATION METHODS
IDEATION METHODS
IDEATION METHODS
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION RECIPES
summary
Use adapted methods to generate new ideas and insights
Argumentation
brainstorm and ideations methods are used to generate new ideas using CREATIVE TECHNICS
References
- Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
- Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
CREATIVE TECHNICS
IMPROVISATION
IMPROVISATION
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
summary
Welcome the unexpected and improvize.
Argumentation
To allow for the emergence of unxpected yet interesting elements requires flexibility. For this it is ipmportant to be able to change the plan and improvize to work with what’s happening. However it is better to not do this on sensitive issued unless you are PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS.
INFORMAL CONTEXTS
INFORMAL CONTEXTS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
summary
Create informal context to make participants more open to collaboration
Argumentation
Use ingredients to make context informal so as to favor rich interaction beyond the titles of the participants and make participants more open to collaboration : informal space organization such as café style architecture, informal language, inimum official talks meal sharing, informal breaks)
INTER/TRANSDISCIPLINARY INTERFACES
INTER/TRANSDISCIPLINARY INTERFACES
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
summary
Shape the interfaces between disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary activities.
Argumentation
Oberlack et al 2019 : shape the interfaces between disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary activities. ToCs can support joint transdisciplinary programming by engaging project stakeholders in an in-depth discussion of project activities, pathways to impacts, assumptions about change, knowledge gaps, and expected outcomes. ToCs may provide a shared object for debates between scientific and societal actors, helping them build a joint, cumulative understanding of how and why particu - lar activities did or did not produce particular changes. Nevertheless, ToC processes alone are seldom sufficient to overcome uNderlying epistemological differences between stakeholders from different disciplines. In some of the reviewed cases, targeted workshops were necessary to address and jointly define the conceptual foundation of a given transdisciplinary endeavour.
References
source : Oberlack et al 2019
INTERDISCIPLINARITY
INTERDISCIPLINARITY
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
summary
Bring specialists from various domains of expertise to address complex problems.
Argumentation
Scholars increasingly emphasize the importance of sustainability science as an interdisciplinary field that engages in and seeks to foster transformations towards sustainable development through activities including generation of scientific evidence and theory, education, practices of knowledge co-production, critical thought, and integration of alternative perspectives (Kates 2011, cited by Oberlack et al 2019).
References
- Oberlack et al 2019)
INTERDISCIPLINARY STRUCTURING PROGRAMS
INTERDISCIPLINARY STRUCTURING PROGRAMS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- ENABLING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS
Argumentation
Interdisciplinary Structuring Programs in Partnership (PSIP) whose mission defined in the COP is to conduct “strategic thinking” in the thematic fields that are specific to them.
INTEROPERABILITY
INTEROPERABILITY
PATTERN Category
- COMPOSTABILITY
summary
Ensure data and knowledge can easily be transfered in other tools or contexts.
Argumentation
Interoperability is a characteristic of a product or system, whose interfaces are completely understood, to work with other products or systems, at present or in the future, in either implementation or access, without any restrictions.
While the term was initially defined for information technology or systems engineering services to allow for information exchange, a broader definition takes into account social, political, and organizational factors that impact system to system performance.
Formats we used are standards and interoperable (.HTML, MD, .MM)
While the term was initially defined for information technology or systems engineering services to allow for information exchange, a broader definition takes into account social, political, and organizational factors that impact system to system performance.
Formats we used are standards and interoperable (.HTML, MD, .MM)
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
COMPOSTABILITY.
JOINT DATA GENERATION AND VERIFICATION
JOINT DATA GENERATION AND VERIFICATION
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
KNOWLEDGE GAPS
KNOWLEDGE GAPS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
summary
Acknowledge that unknowns will remain and account for that.
Argumentation
Oberlack et al 2019 : "ToCs help address attribution gaps, while acknowledging that unknowns will remain.
Virtually every initiative confronts factors beyond its control, for example concerning societal agreement or learning beyond the project’s reach. Moreover, outcomes frequently emerge from many concurrent dynamics and activities. Attribution of outcomes to a single project thus systematically faces an attribution gap. Without a ToC , discussions of impact may remain vague and the corresponding analysis may emphasize short-term results lacking transformative potential. ToCs can reduce, but not eliminate, the problem of causal attribution.
Therefore,
Create a space for in-depth discussion among project stakeholders about causal effects – stipulated in a mutually agreed ex ante ToC – supports deliberative evaluations of whether, how, and why a project had an impact as well as what other factors may have had an impact.
Discussion of impact pathways can be supported by a ToC that structures the analysis, and facilitates naming of unknowns as they crop up.
Virtually every initiative confronts factors beyond its control, for example concerning societal agreement or learning beyond the project’s reach. Moreover, outcomes frequently emerge from many concurrent dynamics and activities. Attribution of outcomes to a single project thus systematically faces an attribution gap. Without a ToC , discussions of impact may remain vague and the corresponding analysis may emphasize short-term results lacking transformative potential. ToCs can reduce, but not eliminate, the problem of causal attribution.
Therefore,
Create a space for in-depth discussion among project stakeholders about causal effects – stipulated in a mutually agreed ex ante ToC – supports deliberative evaluations of whether, how, and why a project had an impact as well as what other factors may have had an impact.
Discussion of impact pathways can be supported by a ToC that structures the analysis, and facilitates naming of unknowns as they crop up.
References
source : Oberlack et al 2019
LEARNING BY DOING
LEARNING BY DOING
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- STRATEGY
summary
Use living experiences as a pedagogical tool to go beyond theoritical teaching
Argumentation
Collaborative practices and culture cannot be learned in manual. The skills arelearned by practicing. Some PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS talk about “collaborative muscles” to emphasize the idea that the acquisition of skills requires regular practices and exercizing.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS
LIVE COLLABORATIVE WRITING
LIVE COLLABORATIVE WRITING
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
summary
Use live collaborative writing to allow multiple writers to collectively write notes during the events
Argumentation
Meeting notes are often a tedious work where, most often, notes are taken during the meetin by one person and then cleand up to be sent days or weeks after the meeting.
On the other hand, LIVE COLLABORATING WRITING tools allowing multiple writers to collaboratively write notes during the events offers several advantages :
We used etherpad a free/libre software that requires no prior installation, passwords nor specific competence.
On the other hand, LIVE COLLABORATING WRITING tools allowing multiple writers to collaboratively write notes during the events offers several advantages :
- it makes it possible for organizers to share the workload with participants and give them responsability
- it makes it possible for remote participants to follow the live event
- the content can be viewed during the event using a VIDEOPROJECTOR for better collaborative writing.
We used etherpad a free/libre software that requires no prior installation, passwords nor specific competence.
References
- Etherpad : https://etherpad.org/
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- SMALL TRANSFORMATIONAL EXPERIENCE
LIVE PHOTO UPLOAD
LIVE PHOTO UPLOAD
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
summary
Use live photo upload to communicate with remoter participants and keep memory of the workshops.
Argumentation
The possibility to upload photos easily and instantly offers several advantages : live blogging that remote participants can follow, collaborative uploading of photos that avoid the need to do the work after the workshops. We used the free online service Yogile (https://www.yogile.com/) that allow photo upload using a simple email.
References
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
HARVEST, LIVE COLLABORATING WRITING,
MAP OF PARTICIPANTS
MAP OF PARTICIPANTS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
summary
Use a geographic map of participants to increase mutual knowledge.
Argumentation
Used to give a visuel representation of participants, increase mutual knowledge. https://planete-ird-sustainability-science.org/?CartO
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS, ONLINE WHO’S WHO
MEANINGFUL AND ATTAINABLE GOALS
MEANINGFUL AND ATTAINABLE GOALS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
summary
Choose goals of interest that can realistically be achieved.
Argumentation
Goals that are too large or too small will not be reached. Goals that are not of interest of stakeholders will not be carried out. therefore, choose goal that are both of interest to the participants and that can be reasonably attained in your context.
ToCs facilitate the development of meaningful and attainable project goals.
it is critical that project stakeholders formulate and share ownership of goals and transformative pathways based on an explicit ethical stance.
ToC process enables deliberation in groups, and furthers the formulation and reflection of context-specific, just, legitimate, and realistic goals.
ToCs facilitate the development of meaningful and attainable project goals.
it is critical that project stakeholders formulate and share ownership of goals and transformative pathways based on an explicit ethical stance.
ToC process enables deliberation in groups, and furthers the formulation and reflection of context-specific, just, legitimate, and realistic goals.
References
Oberlack et al 2019
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- SHARED GOALS
- FUZZY GOALS
MEETING FRAMEWORK
MEETING FRAMEWORK
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION RECIPES
summary
present the goals of the meeting at the start
Argumentation
present the goals of the meeting:
- WORKING AGREEMENTS
MINDMAPS
MINDMAPS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
summary
Use mindmaps to visualize links between various data and navigate in complex web of concepts.
Argumentation
A mind map is a diagram used to visually organize information. A mind map is hierarchical and shows relationships among pieces of the whole. It is often created around a single concept, drawn as an image in the center of a blank page, to which associated representations of ideas such as images, words and parts of words are added. Major ideas are connected directly to the central concept, and other ideas branch out from those major ideas.
MINDMAPS allow a non linear vizualisation of information that is particularly suitable to map complex ideas ad can be used to map conflicting views (DIALOG MAPPING)
Cunningham (2005) conducted a user study in which 80% of the students thought “mindmapping helped them understand concepts and ideas in science”. Other studies also report some subjective positive effects on the use of mind maps.
We used freeplane a free/libre mindmapping software.
https://www.freeplane.org/
MINDMAPS allow a non linear vizualisation of information that is particularly suitable to map complex ideas ad can be used to map conflicting views (DIALOG MAPPING)
Cunningham (2005) conducted a user study in which 80% of the students thought “mindmapping helped them understand concepts and ideas in science”. Other studies also report some subjective positive effects on the use of mind maps.
We used freeplane a free/libre mindmapping software.
https://www.freeplane.org/
References
Glennis Edge Cunningham (2005). Mindmapping: Its Effects on Student Achievement in High School Biology (Ph.D.). The University of Texas at Austin. Brian Holland; Lynda Holland; Jenny Davies (2004). “An investigation into the concept of mind mapping and the use of mind mapping software to support and improve student academic performance”. D’Antoni, A.V.; Zipp, G.P. (2006). “Applications of the Mind Map Learning Technique in Chiropractic Education: A Pilot Study and Literature”.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY used for DIALOG MAPPING.
Use VIDEOPROJECTOR to display live mindmap in front or large audience.
Use VIDEOPROJECTOR to display live mindmap in front or large audience.
MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS PROCESSES
MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS PROCESSES
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
summary
Work with multiple stakeholders to increase your perspective on the system.
MULTIPLE VENUES
MULTIPLE VENUES
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
summary
Rotate meeting locations among the participants rather than seek “neutral” space.
Argumentation
Eugene Kim : "Spatial issues may seem trivial, but I think they are just as important as facilitation. In 2012, I co-led a project called the Delta Dialogues, where we were facilitating a multistakeholder group around California water issues. Our participants had been fighting over these extremely contentious issues for decades, and many had standing lawsuits with each other. One of the early decisions we made was to rotate our meeting locations among the participants rather than seek “neutral” space. We had six one-day meetings scheduled, and we decided to devote half that time to “learning journeys” — essentially tours of each others’ spaces. We did this because the Sacramento Delta is beautiful, and we wanted to spend as much time as possible in that beauty to remind ourselves what this was all about. We also did this wanted participants to experience each other’s environments first-hand to build greater empathy.
This was not a decision we made lightly. Given the complexity of the issues we were discussing, devoting half of our times to field trips felt hard to swallow, and we went back and forth on this decision a number of times. However, when the process was over, participants consistently cited these learning journeys as the most powerful part of the process for them."
This was not a decision we made lightly. Given the complexity of the issues we were discussing, devoting half of our times to field trips felt hard to swallow, and we went back and forth on this decision a number of times. However, when the process was over, participants consistently cited these learning journeys as the most powerful part of the process for them."
References
Kim, E. The art of the start :
http://fasterthan20.com/2014/01/the-art-of-the-start/
http://fasterthan20.com/2014/01/the-art-of-the-start/
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
ENABLING ARCHITECTURES
MULTISTAKEHOLDERS
MULTISTAKEHOLDERS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN
summary
Work with diverse profiles of participants to maximize collective intelligence.
Argumentation
Ensure the participants are diverse and represent the whole system. sometimes only researchers from various disciplines, sometimes researchers and partners from civil society (teachers, students, jurists, funding agencies, …) collective intelligence needs diversity.
NARRATIVE TECHNICS
NARRATIVE TECHNICS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
Argumentation
storytelling works well in various CULTURAL CONTEXT: sharing stories increase mutual knowledge and trust building, good start to build a group own shared language
NON-LINEAR / SYSTEMIC EFFECTS
NON-LINEAR / SYSTEMIC EFFECTS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
summary
The process must embrace non-linearity and unintended effects.
Argumentation
We have a tendency to depict linear relationships between activities and outputs, outcomes, and impacts. Often we are focusing too much on optimistic scenarios, while disregarding unintended effects. However, in complex systems, linearity and causality between activity and impact can only be established in very narrow subsystems. In the course of many interventions, linear models and optimistic expectations are disrupted by unforeseen contingencies, emergent outcomes, feedback loops, and counter-movements.
Therefore,
Projects must conduct critical assessments of potential unintended effects.
Our review identified complementary tools such as stakeholder mapping, SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis, and participatory scenario building as useful in this regard.
To embrace the non-linearity of transformations, one of the reviewed initiatives rooted their ToC in adaptive governance. Results showed that ToCs are best embedded in a CONTINOUS REFLECTION PROCESS, rather than a static workplan.
source : Oberlack et al 2019
Therefore,
Projects must conduct critical assessments of potential unintended effects.
Our review identified complementary tools such as stakeholder mapping, SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis, and participatory scenario building as useful in this regard.
To embrace the non-linearity of transformations, one of the reviewed initiatives rooted their ToC in adaptive governance. Results showed that ToCs are best embedded in a CONTINOUS REFLECTION PROCESS, rather than a static workplan.
source : Oberlack et al 2019
References
- Oberlack et al 2019.
- Nonlinear system (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear_system
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- SYSTEMIC THINKING
- SYSTEMIC EVALUATION PROCEDURES AND INDICATORS
- SYSTEMIC CHANGE
- FUZZY GOALS
ONLINE INTERACTION AFTER WORKSHOP
ONLINE INTERACTION AFTER WORKSHOP
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN
summary
Create a design that allow interactions after face-to-face meetings ended.
Argumentation
followed roughly this structure:
allow for more feedback, adjustment, longer and more productive interactino
followed roughly this structure:
- FEEDBACK POLL
- SHARED CONTENT (RAW NOTES, REFINED DOCUMENTS, SHARED RECIPES).
allow for more feedback, adjustment, longer and more productive interactino
ONLINE INTERACTION BEFORE WORKSHOP
ONLINE INTERACTION BEFORE WORKSHOP
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN
summary
Create a design that allow interactions between participants before face-to-face meetings.
Argumentation
followed roughly this structure:
- ONLINE PROGRAM
- INVITATION MAIL
- ONLINE QUESTIONS
- PARTICIPANTS MAP
- ONLINE WHO’S WHO
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
ONLINE PROGRAM
- INVITATION MAIL
- ONLINE QUESTIONS
- PARTICIPANTS MAP
- ONLINE WHO’S WHO
ONLINE POLLS
ONLINE POLLS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
summary
Use online polls to get feedback from remote participants
Argumentation
Online polls integrated within the wiki were used to collect data, ideas, representations, feedback, litterature from participants.
We used forms generated by YesWiki , the WIKI PLATFORM. This allowed to make the result of the polls visible to all participants for immediate feedback (FEEDBACK MECHANISMS)
We used forms generated by YesWiki , the WIKI PLATFORM. This allowed to make the result of the polls visible to all participants for immediate feedback (FEEDBACK MECHANISMS)
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS, ONLINE WHO’S WHO, MAP OF PARTICIPANTS
ONLINE WHO’S WHO
ONLINE WHO’S WHO
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
summary
Use online who's who to increase mutual knowledge between remote participants
Argumentation
to increase mutual knowledge and potential collaboration during and after workshop, an online who’s who featuring name, photo
OPEN ACCESS
OPEN ACCESS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- COMPOSTABILITY
summary
Reduce barriers to copying or reuse by publishing knowledge in open access.
Argumentation
Open access (OA) is a set of principles and a range of practices through which research outputs are distributed online, free of cost or other access barriers.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- FREE LICENCE
- COMPOSTABILITY
ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING PROCESS
ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING PROCESS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
summary
Build organizational learning process in your design to promote cumulative learning at the level of organization
Argumentation
Oberlack et al 2019 : " ToCs can facilitate cumulative learning at organizational levels.
The ToC approach can provide organization-level benefits when embedded in an organizational learning process involving larger numbers of similar projects. Deliberations on ToCs at the organizational level can be useful in two ways: first, for individuals within organizations, ToCs can enable mutual learning between staff conducting similar activities and using similar ToCs in different contexts, thereby promoting self-reflexive learning processes. Second, for organizations as a unit, longer-term learning processes regarding the validity of specific ToCs can help to build detailed, cumulative organizational knowledge about how, why, and under what conditions specific activities are effective or not. Such experience can refine organization-level ToCs reflecting the contextual and practical nuances of different contexts and activities in which an organization is engaged. Moreover, organization-level ToCs can support members in gaining greater clarity about the pathways and critical assumptions of the organization’s mission. Complementing individual job descriptions and organizational missions with a ToC can help members reflect on their own roles and competencies within the organization’s setup
The ToC approach can provide organization-level benefits when embedded in an organizational learning process involving larger numbers of similar projects. Deliberations on ToCs at the organizational level can be useful in two ways: first, for individuals within organizations, ToCs can enable mutual learning between staff conducting similar activities and using similar ToCs in different contexts, thereby promoting self-reflexive learning processes. Second, for organizations as a unit, longer-term learning processes regarding the validity of specific ToCs can help to build detailed, cumulative organizational knowledge about how, why, and under what conditions specific activities are effective or not. Such experience can refine organization-level ToCs reflecting the contextual and practical nuances of different contexts and activities in which an organization is engaged. Moreover, organization-level ToCs can support members in gaining greater clarity about the pathways and critical assumptions of the organization’s mission. Complementing individual job descriptions and organizational missions with a ToC can help members reflect on their own roles and competencies within the organization’s setup
References
source : Oberlack et al 2019
OUTCOMES AND IMPACTS
OUTCOMES AND IMPACTS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
OUTPUTS AS INPUTS
OUTPUTS AS INPUTS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN
summary
Use outputs from one sequence as inputs in the next ones
Argumentation
Each sequence or workshop generate particular outputs/yields whether intangible (trust, mutual knowledge, …) or tangible outputs (list of new ideas, prioritized actions, documents). In many workshop,there is no articulation between the work sequences and very often because of lack of time or dedicated means, the outputs generated are never reused.
Therefore, try to use outputs from one work sequence as inputs for another sequence. Design VARIOUS HARVEST MECHANISMS to capture material in format that facilitate later reuse
Therefore, try to use outputs from one work sequence as inputs for another sequence. Design VARIOUS HARVEST MECHANISMS to capture material in format that facilitate later reuse
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
VARIOUS HARVEST MECHANISMS
PATTERN CATEGORY
PATTERN CATEGORY
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- COMPOSTABILITY
summary
Having a high number of patterns to deal with can be overwhelming, particularly for new users. Therefore, to facilitate appropriation, organize pattern into emerging categories to give readers a quick overview.
Argumentation
Most often the patterns are discovered during the process, so don't use fixed categories, but instead let categories emerges from the data. To facilitate the choice, you can use the affinity map method : https://gamestorming.com/affinity-map/
categories should not be seen as fixed or final and category names or numbers should evolve as needed.
Patterns are part of a network and sometimes could belong to several categories, but it might be less confusing to place them in only one categories
Just as for PATTERN NAME, naming the categories should be done with some of the contributors to ensure the name are explicit for everyone.
categories should not be seen as fixed or final and category names or numbers should evolve as needed.
Patterns are part of a network and sometimes could belong to several categories, but it might be less confusing to place them in only one categories
Just as for PATTERN NAME, naming the categories should be done with some of the contributors to ensure the name are explicit for everyone.
References
Affinity map - Gamestoming : https://gamestorming.com/affinity-map/
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
PATTERN NAMES, PATTERNS, PATTERN STRUCTURE
PATTERN DATABASE
PATTERN DATABASE
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
summary
Use an online database to easily capture and share patterns
Argumentation
Possible fields for an online pattern database
- Pattern name
- Pattern maturity
- pattern description
- how we used it in our work
- scientific evidence to backup the pattern
- references
- pattern it supports
- pattern it is supported by
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
PATTERNS, PATTERN LANGUAGES
PATTERN LANGUAGE
PATTERN LANGUAGE
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- COMPOSTABILITY
summary
Pattern languages facilitate collective sense-making of complex topics.
Argumentation
Patterns are more than lists of good practices. Like a language they form a generative systems which can produce meaningfull or menaingless combinations.
Part of the work of pattern language involves identifying key links, ie links that are essential to a successful design, between the various patterns.
Finidori (2014) summarized the Strategic challenges for systemic change :
- Gaining insight on intricate wicked problems and the hidden phenomena of the system
- Catalyzing and leveraging distributed agency
- Expanding views of reality and the whole system
- Creating conditions for coordination
- Generating coherence from disparate efforts
- Fostering shared discovery and mutual recognition
- Bringing the systemic (re)generative role of commons to awareness.
Part of the work of pattern language involves identifying key links, ie links that are essential to a successful design, between the various patterns.
Finidori (2014) summarized the Strategic challenges for systemic change :
- Gaining insight on intricate wicked problems and the hidden phenomena of the system
- Catalyzing and leveraging distributed agency
- Expanding views of reality and the whole system
- Creating conditions for coordination
- Generating coherence from disparate efforts
- Fostering shared discovery and mutual recognition
- Bringing the systemic (re)generative role of commons to awareness.
- In a serie of articles, she suggests that "the concept of pattern has an unfulfilled potential as cognitive technology for meaning-making, mediation, systemic configuration and exchange of knowledge, both within and across domains of human activity. In particular, patterns have properties that could help address the unity versus diversity dilemma while dealing with complex challenges."
References
- Alexander, C. Ishikawa, S. Silvertsein, M.(1977). A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings,Construction(Oxford: Oxford UP).
- Alexander, C.(1979).The Timeless Way of Building(Oxford: Oxford UP).
- Cunningham, W. and Mehaffy, M. (2013) Wiki as pattern language https://www.hillside.net/plop/2013/papers/Group6/plop13_preprint_51.pdf
- Finidori , H. (2014) . “An Ecology of Transformative Action Awaiting To Be Discovered”, (Spanda Journal, V,1 ).
- Finidori, H. 2016 - Patterns that connect : Exploring the potential of patterns and pattern languages in systemic interventions towards realizing sustainable futures. https://www.academia.edu/27465412/Patterns_that_Connect_Exploring_The_Potential_of_Patterns_and_Pattern_Languages_in_Systemic_Interventions_Towards_Realizing_Sustainable_Futures
- Finidori, H. (2018) Pattern Literacy in Support of Systems Literacy -An approach from a Pattern Language perspective.
- Kuenkel, P. (2017), A pattern approach to stewarding sustainability transformation How the 17th SDGs can become a starting point for transformative change. Collective Leadership studies volume. http://wiki.collectiveleadership.com/images/c/c3/Collective_Leadership_Studies_Vol5_A_Pattern_Approach_to_Stewarding_Sustainability_Transformation.pdf
- Leitner, H. Pattern Theory: Introduction and Perspectives on the Tracks of Christopher Alexander (pattern research series) (Volume 1). (2015) CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform; 1 edition
- Mehaffy , M. & Salingaros N.A. (2011) . The Pattern Technology of Christopher Alexander,
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
PATTERNS, PATTERN DATABASE, SIMPLIFIED PATTERN MINING.
PATTERN MINING PROCESS
PATTERN MINING PROCESS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- COMPOSTABILITY
summary
Use simplified pattern mining process as quick start to identify key elements in a design
Argumentation
we aimed to identify relevant ingredients and brievely describe them so as to keep these in mind as we went through our design, yet keeping each of them with an APPROPRIATE GRANULARITY.
Note : Alexander's patterns always included both tangible elements (physical architectures such as building or cities) and intangible elements (the culture of people inhabiting the building/city or the psychological the architecture has on them). However people new to patterns languages usually focussed only on the tangible elements that are more easy to grasp and often overlooked the intangible aspects of the patterns. so we made these articificial division to make it more obvious to readers that are new to pattern languages that patterns not only deal with physical elements but also non physical elements.
- 0. source material
- 1. identify candidate information grains : Identify key tangible of intangible elements and give them a short and explicit name
- 2. create file for the grain
- 3. tweak the name to make it explicit (PATTERN NAME)
- 4. add pattern description, reuse content if possible (FREE LICENCE) and reference
- 5. check if patterns is not granular enough and contains smaller sub-patterns
- 6. create sub-patterns as needed and go back and forth to adjust content between patterns
we aimed to identify relevant ingredients and brievely describe them so as to keep these in mind as we went through our design, yet keeping each of them with an APPROPRIATE GRANULARITY.
Note : Alexander's patterns always included both tangible elements (physical architectures such as building or cities) and intangible elements (the culture of people inhabiting the building/city or the psychological the architecture has on them). However people new to patterns languages usually focussed only on the tangible elements that are more easy to grasp and often overlooked the intangible aspects of the patterns. so we made these articificial division to make it more obvious to readers that are new to pattern languages that patterns not only deal with physical elements but also non physical elements.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- PATTERNS
- PATTERN LANGUAGE,
- PATTERN DATABASE
- PATTERN STRUCTURE
- PATTERN NAME
PATTERN NAMES
PATTERN NAMES
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- COMPOSTABILITY
summary
Name patterns using nouns and adjectives only so that PATTERN NAMES can be used in natural language.
Argumentation
Most often, good practices are named using verbs of actions. However, using verbs to describe patterns makes it difficult to use them in natural language. Therefore use only nouns and adjectives to describe a pattern. Naming the pattern should be done with some of the contributors to ensure the names are explicit for everyone. A good pattern name should be self-describing so that the readers will get an understanding of the pattern, just by reading it.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- PATTERNS
- PATTERN LANGUAGE,
- PATTERN CATEGORIES
- PATTERN DATABASE
- PATTERN STRUCTURE
- SIMPLIFIED PATTERN MINING
PATTERN STRUCTURE
PATTERN STRUCTURE
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- COMPOSTABILITY
summary
Use a light but formal structure to describe patterns.
Argumentation
To ensure knowledge of various topics and scale is well described, use a formal pattern structure.
Alexander initial pattern format use problem-context-solution format. This was useful, but in the case of wicked problem, where there is a web of intricated interactions, even defining what the problem is, can already be difficult.
Empirically we found using Alexander's original structure can sometimes be too tight and does not suit every context.
Jenny Quillien quotes Jane Jacobs and the need to identify interacting variables and to separate these variables in ‘smaller segments’ because they “do not exhibit one problem which if understood explains all. They can be analyzed into many such problems or segments which are also related with one another.” And, “when the segments are separated out the behaviors of a variable when in the presence of other variables can be discerned.” (cited by Finidori, 2014)
Alexander himself later recognized that in their orginal form pattern and pattern language "do not actually allow a person to generate a good design, step by step." He tried to developp GENERATIVE SEQUENCE with mitigated results : https://www.patternlanguage.com/sequences/otherinfo/intro.html
So as a pragmatic approach the structure we used is PATTERN NAME, pattern completeness, PATTERN CATEGORY, optionnal image, pattern summary, argumentation, reference, linked patterns.
Linking to other pattern was seen as essential to keep the original idea of pattern languages, ie a network of interacting design elements.
Alexander initial pattern format use problem-context-solution format. This was useful, but in the case of wicked problem, where there is a web of intricated interactions, even defining what the problem is, can already be difficult.
Empirically we found using Alexander's original structure can sometimes be too tight and does not suit every context.
Jenny Quillien quotes Jane Jacobs and the need to identify interacting variables and to separate these variables in ‘smaller segments’ because they “do not exhibit one problem which if understood explains all. They can be analyzed into many such problems or segments which are also related with one another.” And, “when the segments are separated out the behaviors of a variable when in the presence of other variables can be discerned.” (cited by Finidori, 2014)
Alexander himself later recognized that in their orginal form pattern and pattern language "do not actually allow a person to generate a good design, step by step." He tried to developp GENERATIVE SEQUENCE with mitigated results : https://www.patternlanguage.com/sequences/otherinfo/intro.html
So as a pragmatic approach the structure we used is PATTERN NAME, pattern completeness, PATTERN CATEGORY, optionnal image, pattern summary, argumentation, reference, linked patterns.
Linking to other pattern was seen as essential to keep the original idea of pattern languages, ie a network of interacting design elements.
References
- Finidori , H. (2014) . “A pattern language for systemic Transformation (pl AsT ) – (re)generative of commons”, <http://bit.ly/11xd2of>
- Finidori , H. (2014) . “An Ecology of Transformative Action Awaiting To Be Discovered”, (Spanda Journal, V,1 ).
- Finidori, H. 2016 - Patterns that connect : Exploring the potential of patterns and pattern languages in systemic interventions towards realizing sustainable futures. https://www.academia.edu/27465412/Patterns_that_Connect_Exploring_The_Potential_of_Patterns_and_Pattern_Languages_in_Systemic_Interventions_Towards_Realizing_Sustainable_Futures
- Finidori, H. (2018) Pattern Literacy in Support of Systems Literacy -An approach from a Pattern Language perspective.
- Finidori , H. (2014) . “An Ecology of Transformative Action Awaiting To Be Discovered”, (Spanda Journal, V,1 ).
- Finidori, H. 2016 - Patterns that connect : Exploring the potential of patterns and pattern languages in systemic interventions towards realizing sustainable futures. https://www.academia.edu/27465412/Patterns_that_Connect_Exploring_The_Potential_of_Patterns_and_Pattern_Languages_in_Systemic_Interventions_Towards_Realizing_Sustainable_Futures
- Finidori, H. (2018) Pattern Literacy in Support of Systems Literacy -An approach from a Pattern Language perspective.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- PATTERNS
- PATTERN CATEGORY
- PATTERN LANGUAGE,
- PATTERN DATABASE
- SIMPLIFIED PATTERN MINING
- PATTERN NAME
PATTERNS
PATTERNS
PATTERN Category
- COMPOSTABILITY
summary
Use patterns format to identify and explicit key elements of as system or process
Argumentation
Initially formal description of archetypal solutions to recurrent design problems. In our case we used a looser definition : identification of key ingredients of design with a description of the ingredient principle and example on how it was applied in our design.
To identify pattern we use a custom PATTERN MINING APPROACH.
To identify pattern we use a custom PATTERN MINING APPROACH.
References
- Alexander, C. Ishikawa, S. Silvertsein, M.(1977). A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings,Construction(Oxford: Oxford UP).
- Alexander, C.(1979).The Timeless Way of Building(Oxford: Oxford UP).
- Cunningham, W. and Mehaffy, M. (2013) Wiki as pattern language https://www.hillside.net/plop/2013/papers/Group6/plop13_preprint_51.pdf
- Finidori , H. (2014) . “An Ecology of Transformative Action Awaiting To Be Discovered”, (Spanda Journal, V,1 ).
- Finidori, H. 2016 - Patterns that connect : Exploring the potential of patterns and pattern languages in systemic interventions towards realizing sustainable futures. https://www.academia.edu/27465412/Patterns_that_Connect_Exploring_The_Potential_of_Patterns_and_Pattern_Languages_in_Systemic_Interventions_Towards_Realizing_Sustainable_Futures
- Finidori, H. (2018) Pattern Literacy in Support of Systems Literacy -An approach from a Pattern Language perspective.
- Kuenkel, P. (2017), A pattern approach to stewarding sustainability transformation How the 17th SDGs can become a starting point for transformative change. Collective Leadership studies volume. http://wiki.collectiveleadership.com/images/c/c3/Collective_Leadership_Studies_Vol5_A_Pattern_Approach_to_Stewarding_Sustainability_Transformation.pdf
- Leitner, H. Pattern Theory: Introduction and Perspectives on the Tracks of Christopher Alexander (pattern research series) (Volume 1). (2015) CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform; 1 edition
- Mehaffy , M. & Salingaros N.A. (2011) . The Pattern Technology of Christopher Alexander,
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
PATTERN MINING APPROACH, PATTERN LANGUAGES, PATTERN DATABASE, COMPOSTABILITY, APPROPRIATE GRANULARITY.
PEER LEARNING
PEER LEARNING
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- STRATEGY
summary
Create conditions so that participants can learn from each others
Argumentation
Although “official” experts are often seen as the only source of valid knowledge, in collaborative processes, all participants are considered to be peers that to some extends can bring knowledge to the group and the process.
References
- Sanojca, E.. Les compétences collaboratives et leur développement en formation d’adultes : le cas d’une formation hybride. Education. Université Rennes 2, 2018. Français. PHD Thesis. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01709910
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ECOSYSTEM
PILOT COMITEE
PILOT COMITEE
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- STRATEGY
summary
Use the help of a pilot comitee to get outside feedback on strategy design.
Argumentation
Finding the best strategy for a complex context with diverse participants and partners is challenging (CULTURAL CONTEXT). To get feedback (REFLEXIVE PRACTICES) and refine the strategy, the CORE ORGANIZATION GROUP looked for advice from a pilot comitee composed of researchers with strong interest in participative approaches.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
CULTURAL CONTEXT, REFLEXIVE PRACTICES, CULTURAl CONTEXT
POSTURE OF THE RESEARCHER
POSTURE OF THE RESEARCHER
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION
PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
summary
Use a PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION to remain adaptive and embrace surprises.
Argumentation
Rapidly changing contexts often require realignment of project designs. Sustainability science approaches must also remain adaptive.
As discussed by Oberlack et al in Theories of Change :
Once elaborated and agreed upon, ToCs provide a mental model representing a project approach at a given time. However, tension can arise between the explicit knowledge formalized in ToCs and the evolving tacit knowledge generated in the day-to-day practices of project members.
Therefore,
To remain a useful tool over time, formalized systemic approaches require ongoing critical reflection and adjustments to ensure that they meaningfully reflect new conditions, new information, and can update strategies.
Oberlack et al found that this occurred especially in long term projects (five to ten years), in which regular internal and external project reviews could be organized, creating space for processes of reflection.
source : Oberlack et al 2019
As discussed by Oberlack et al in Theories of Change :
Once elaborated and agreed upon, ToCs provide a mental model representing a project approach at a given time. However, tension can arise between the explicit knowledge formalized in ToCs and the evolving tacit knowledge generated in the day-to-day practices of project members.
Therefore,
To remain a useful tool over time, formalized systemic approaches require ongoing critical reflection and adjustments to ensure that they meaningfully reflect new conditions, new information, and can update strategies.
Oberlack et al found that this occurred especially in long term projects (five to ten years), in which regular internal and external project reviews could be organized, creating space for processes of reflection.
source : Oberlack et al 2019
References
Oberlack et al 2019
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- REFLEXIVE PRACTICE
PRODUCTION-ORIENTED METHODS
PRODUCTION-ORIENTED METHODS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION RECIPES
summary
Use or design methods explictly focussed on producing specific results or materials.
Argumentation
Meeting can be design with rules that explictly ask participants to produce something (list of actions, plans, writen or visual synthesis, ...). It is particularly interesting to build upon material collected in previous sequences (STRING OF SEQUENCE) and take it further ( OUTPUTS AS INPUTS). Often use TIME CONSTRAINTS
References
- Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
- Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
STRING OF SEQUENCE, OUTPUTS AS INPUTS, TIME CONSTRAINTS
PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS
PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- STRATEGY
summary
Facilitatig the emergence of collective intelligence within a group requires professional expertise.
Argumentation
Helping groups going through structured activities to collborativelly reach goals requires specific skills. Although some researchers might have such skills scientists, having PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS can help researchers focus on the content while having facilitators work on the process.
PROGRESSES AND CHALLENGES
PROGRESSES AND CHALLENGES
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
PROJECT DATABASE
PROJECT DATABASE
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
summary
Use an online database to share related project of interest.
Argumentation
Projects of interest can be shared by organizers and all participants.
We used pages generated by YesWiki , but as we didn’t promoted it enough it wasn’t used much. Needs to have ANIMATION.
We used pages generated by YesWiki , but as we didn’t promoted it enough it wasn’t used much. Needs to have ANIMATION.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS, ONLINE WHO’S WHO, MAP OF PARTICIPANTS, ONLINE POLLS
PROTOTYPE
PROTOTYPE
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN
summary
Conceive your workshops or sequences as prototypes to learn from and improve
Argumentation
In a complex environment traditionnal planning doesn't work and it is impossible to get thing right at first. therefore, think everything you design whether a sequence or a workshop, as prototype, a tool that you are going to try, evaluate and improbe. The first workshop was used as prototype to see if the facilitation methods and the codesigns strategy was of interest. mostly researchers + external experts
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- RISK-TAKING
- REFLEXIVE PRACTICE
- ITERATIVE PROCESS
PROTOTYPING
PROTOTYPING
PATTERN Category
- STRATEGY
summary
Build early samples or models to test a concept or process and get realworld feedback
Argumentation
A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process. It is a term used in a variety of contexts, including semantics, design, electronics, and software programming. A prototype is generally used to evaluate a new design to enhance precision by system analysts and users. Prototyping serves to provide specifications for a real, working system rather than a theoretical one.
References
- Prototype (Wikipedia): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototype
PUBLICATION DATABASE
PUBLICATION DATABASE
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
summary
Use an online database to share related scientific material of interest.
Argumentation
Publications and other scientific materials can be shared by organizers and all participants.
We used pages generated by YesWiki , but as we didn’t promoted it enough it wasn’t used much. Needs to have animation.
We used pages generated by YesWiki , but as we didn’t promoted it enough it wasn’t used much. Needs to have animation.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS, ONLINE WHO’S WHO, MAP OF PARTICIPANTS, ONLINE POLLS, PROJECT DATABASE
REAL LIFE POLITICAL CONSTRAINTS
REAL LIFE POLITICAL CONSTRAINTS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
summary
Take power relationships into account when working on solutions/actions.
Argumentation
Hidden agendas and power asymmetries can jeopardize success, and thus demand special attention when planning knowledge co-production.
Once project participants return to their “real life” institutional settings, shaped by strategic reasoning and established power relations, they might change the positions defended earlier or even veto agreement reached earlier.
Therefore,
In order to achieve project goals, focus more on existing power relationships outside the stakeholder meetings and take them into account when working on solutions/actions.
Once project participants return to their “real life” institutional settings, shaped by strategic reasoning and established power relations, they might change the positions defended earlier or even veto agreement reached earlier.
Therefore,
In order to achieve project goals, focus more on existing power relationships outside the stakeholder meetings and take them into account when working on solutions/actions.
REAL LIFE POLITICAL CONSTRAINTS
REAL LIFE POLITICAL CONSTRAINTS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- ENABLING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS
summary
Work while keeping in mind real-life constraints
Argumentation
Models can work beautifully on papers but real life political constraints, tension between groups, hierarchy can strongly affect the outcomes so you need to be prepared to accomodate these constraints.
Hidden agendas and power asymmetries can jeopardize success, and thus demand special attention when planning knowledge co-production.
Once project participants return to their “real life” institutional settings, shaped by strategic reasoning and established power relations, they might change the positions defended earlier or even veto agreement reached earlier.
Therefore,
In order to achieve project goals, focus more on existing power relationships outside the stakeholder meetings and take them into account when working on solutions/actions.
Hidden agendas and power asymmetries can jeopardize success, and thus demand special attention when planning knowledge co-production.
Once project participants return to their “real life” institutional settings, shaped by strategic reasoning and established power relations, they might change the positions defended earlier or even veto agreement reached earlier.
Therefore,
In order to achieve project goals, focus more on existing power relationships outside the stakeholder meetings and take them into account when working on solutions/actions.
REFLEXIVE PRACTICE
REFLEXIVE PRACTICE
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN
summary
Use time of REFLEXIVE PRACTICE to get feedback and learn
Argumentation
Individually or as a group it is important to take time for reflexivity to become aware of what you learned. Use evaluation mechanisms, feedback from peers, ...
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION
REGULAR GOAL ASSESSMENT
REGULAR GOAL ASSESSMENT
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- STRATEGY
summary
Assess and reevaluate your goals regularly to make sure you're on the right track
Argumentation
Regular reevaluation of goals : Whether before the workshop, during the workshop or after it, keep asking yourself are the initial goals still useful ? Are we in the right direction ?
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- RISK TAKING,
- ITERATIVE PROCESS
- MEANINGFULL AND ATTAINABLE GOALS
- FUZZY GOALS
- REFLEXIVE PRACTICES
- CONTINUOUS REFLECTION PROCESS
RETROSPECTIVE
RETROSPECTIVE
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION RECIPES
summary
- Use retrospective formats to look back at events that took place, or works that were produced and adjust your strategy.
Argumentation
In agile development, retrospectives play a very important role in iterative and incremental development. At the end of every iteration a retrospective is held to look for ways to improve the process for the next iteration.
Several methods exists to perform retrospectives.
Several methods exists to perform retrospectives.
References
- Retrospective (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrospective
REVERSE FRAMING
REVERSE FRAMING
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
summary
Reverse framing to explore new paths.
Argumentation
Break the way thing are done traditionnaly to facilitate EXPERIMENTATION of new ways of doing and being. For example EXPERTS AS FACILITATORS rather than delivering the truth. Create a safe space where hierarchical rôles are less present.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
EXPERIMENTATION, EXPERTS AS FACILITATORS
RISK-TAKING
RISK-TAKING
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- STRATEGY
summary
to find new paths, organizers and participants must go outside their comfort zone, experiment new ways of being and doing.
Argumentation
to find new paths, organizers and participants must go outside their comfort zone, experiment new way of being and doing. Secure MEETING FRAMEWORK and EXPLICIT WORKING AGREEMENTS help participants feel secure about experimenting. PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS working on the process help researchers to experiment new ways of doing in secure way.
EVALUATION METHODS help to LEARN BY DOING, learn from mistakes rather than tryingto avoid them.
EVALUATION METHODS help to LEARN BY DOING, learn from mistakes rather than tryingto avoid them.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- MEETING FRAMEWORK
- EXPLICIT WORKING AGREEMENTS
- PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS
- EVALUATION METHODS
- LEARNING BY DOING
ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE
ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
summary
Characterize what the ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE in shaping TRANSFORMATION for SYSTEMIC CHANGE
Characterize what the ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE in shaping TRANSFORMATION for SYSTEMIC CHANGE
References
Oberlack 2019.
SAFE SPACE
SAFE SPACE
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN
summary
Design you meeting so that everyone feels safe to express his opinions.
Argumentation
When we feel judged we tend to close ourselves. In workshop participants who are not feeling secure will remain silent or not feel allowed to express their ideas. this reduces strongly the possibility that collective intelligence can emerge. There fore, create a safe space where everyone feels allowed to speak and be heard respectfully. Use MEETING FRAMEWORK to make the rules explicit.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- MEETING FRAMEWORK
SHARED GOALS
SHARED LANGAGE
SHARED LANGUAGE WORKSHOPS
SHARED RECIPES
SHARED UNDERSTANDING
SMALL TRANSFORMATIONAL EXPERIENCE
SMALL TRANSFORMATIONAL EXPERIENCE
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- STRATEGY
summary
To change a culture, create a small transformational experience.
Argumentation
Changing a culture is hard work. As a web of individual and collective representations it is highly complex and cannot be changed at once. To get a transformationnal process started, create a space where participants can live a new experience that can possibly change their views and mindset not by convincing them rationnaly with facts but by living a different way of doing and being. Use a location different from their day to day work, possibly in a place close to the issues being discussed. Design your event so that everyone feel welcome and at home. Be aware of CULTURAL CONTEXT.
STRING OF SEQUENCES
STRING OF SEQUENCES
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN
summary
can be designed as journey taking participants through various work sequences joint together.
Argumentation
Use VARIOUS FACILITATION METHODS in a way that each sequence generate inputs for another sequence (OUTPUTS AS INPUTS) Sometimes you make discoveries while a game is underway that require a change in direction. one group pursued the original goal and the second worked on the new goal.
sometimes the objectives were clearly separated in different sequences, sometimes some phases were overlapping in the same sequence
sometimes the objectives were clearly separated in different sequences, sometimes some phases were overlapping in the same sequence
References
- Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
- Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/
SUFFICIENT RESSOURCES
SUFFICIENT RESSOURCES
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- ENABLING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS
summary
Ensure you have SUFFICIENT RESSOURCES for your MULTISTAKEHOLDERS approach
Argumentation
Ressources includes : BUDGET, material, time, meeting spaces with ENABLING ARCHITECTURES,
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
BUDGET, ENABLING ARCHITECTURES
SUPPORTIVE HIERARCHY
SUPPORTIVE HIERARCHY
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- ENABLING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS
summary
- Supportive hierarchy is essential to allow experimentation and risk taking
Argumentation
Sustainability science requires RISK TAKING and experiment new ways of doing (EXPERIMENTATION). therefore having supportive hierarchy is essential.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
RISK TAKING, EXPERIMENTATION
SYSTEMIC CHANGE
SYSTEMIC CHANGE
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
SYSTEMIC EVALUATION PROCEDURES AND INDICATORS
SYSTEMIC EVALUATION PROCEDURES AND INDICATORS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
summary
Co-define indicators to support continuous critical reflection and learning.
Argumentation
monitoring project progress against a formulated ToC enables critical reflection (PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION) and validation of assumptions about how change happens and why progress does or does not work out. This helps to improve the performance of ongoing projects, but also aids formulation of more promising ToCs for future projects.
carefully facilitated stakeholder meetings successfully enhance solution finding through open dialogue in which participants strive to understand each other’s perspectives, rather than fight for their own interests.
- Oberlack et al 2019 ToCs support continuous critical reflection and learning by providing indicators and procedures for project evaluation.
monitoring project progress against a formulated ToC enables critical reflection (PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION) and validation of assumptions about how change happens and why progress does or does not work out. This helps to improve the performance of ongoing projects, but also aids formulation of more promising ToCs for future projects.
carefully facilitated stakeholder meetings successfully enhance solution finding through open dialogue in which participants strive to understand each other’s perspectives, rather than fight for their own interests.
References
- source : Oberlack et al 2019
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
- PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION
SYSTEMIC THINKING
SYSTEMIC THINKING
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
summary
Look at the world with a systemic lens.
Argumentation
Systems often display counter-intuitive behaviors and need to be studied from a new point of view.
Over the past 30 years, a new systemic conception of life has emerged at the forefront of science, New emphasis has been given to complexity, networks, and patterns of organization leading to a novel kind of "systemic thinking" (Capra and Luisi 2014). Buffers, stocks, flows, feedback loops reinforcing or buffering actions: exploring and
defining new systems concepts, Donella Meadows (2008) and others have helped us understand better the way systems function and given us a map of leverage points to act upon them.
Over the past 30 years, a new systemic conception of life has emerged at the forefront of science, New emphasis has been given to complexity, networks, and patterns of organization leading to a novel kind of "systemic thinking" (Capra and Luisi 2014). Buffers, stocks, flows, feedback loops reinforcing or buffering actions: exploring and
defining new systems concepts, Donella Meadows (2008) and others have helped us understand better the way systems function and given us a map of leverage points to act upon them.
References
- The systems view of life: A unifying vision. F Capra, PL Luisi - 2014 Cambridge University Press.
- Meadows, D.H. (2008) Thinking in Systems: A Primer (White River Junction, vT: Chelsea Green Publishing company).
- Systems theory. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_theory
- Ricaud, L. (2015) Permaculture Patterning, a design framework for systemic transformation. Spanda Journal VI,1.
TEAM BUILDING
TEAM BUILDING
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
summary
Spend time to increase mutual knowledge and collectively created perspective.
Argumentation
While ToCs are typically formulated at the start of a project, changing team compositions and advances in implementation can lead to diverging ideas among project members about how change happens in the project context. This is especially the case in multi disciplinary and multicultural settings. Devoting time to reflect upon, and update, shared or distinct assumptions about how change hap- pens can help to recognize and address diverging views within teams. This process can strengthen teams by consolidating a collectively created perspective and clarifying the different roles and activities of project members. For this reason, several of the projects reviewed invested considerable resources in joint ToC reviews. They were found to enable SHARED UNDERSTANDING among diverse and geographically distributed team members.
References
source : Oberlack et al 2019
TECHNICAL CAPACITY BUILDING
TECHNICAL CAPACITY BUILDING
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
References
Oberlack et al 2019
THEATRE FORUM
THEATRE FORUM
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION RECIPES
summary
Le Théâtre-Forum est un outil réflexif qui ouvre un espace d’échange et de réflexion collective, via le jeu et la prise de recul.
Argumentation
La méthode présente l’intérêt d’ « offrir un cadre pour débattre de façon incarnée d’une situation, en mobilisant et en rendant visibles et légitimes les réactions émotionnelles des salariés, et en permettant que le débat se situe également à ce niveau des émotions, bien distinct de celui d’une discussion abstraite classique à travers une animation en deux temps.
Un premier temps permet à un collectif accompagné par un professionnel de créer la ou les scénettes qui vont illustrer la situation difficile que ce collectif vit. C’est dans un second temps, le temps du théâtre-forum proprement dit que cette ou ces scènes seront présentées à un public plus large. Ce second temps peut être divisé en deux phases, celle du théâtre, lors de laquelle la scène est jouée, et celle du forum, au cours de laquelle le public va interagir avec un animateur pour exprimer ses ressentis et éventuellement proposer des alternatives qui pourront être jouées.
La personne qui propose une alternative va monter sur scène et interagir avec les acteurs sur la base de sa proposition alternative, qui peut viser par exemple à dépasser les limites de la scène de départ. Les acteurs réagiront à ce qui leur est proposé en cohérence avec les personnages qu’ils incarnent. Ces moments au cours desquels des personnes du public montent sur scène sont appelés « remplacements ». Le dispositif du théâtre-forum encourage donc les spectateurs à intervenir pour modifier l’action dramatique en imaginant et en testant d’« autres possibles ». En cela, "le spectateur se transforme en « Spect-acteur »» et mobilise concrètement son pouvoir d’agir pour modifier le cours des choses dont il a d’abord été témoin 16. Selon Hamel, le spectateur refuse en devenant spect-acteur «de céder son pouvoir d’agir au héro incarné par l’acteur».
Un premier temps permet à un collectif accompagné par un professionnel de créer la ou les scénettes qui vont illustrer la situation difficile que ce collectif vit. C’est dans un second temps, le temps du théâtre-forum proprement dit que cette ou ces scènes seront présentées à un public plus large. Ce second temps peut être divisé en deux phases, celle du théâtre, lors de laquelle la scène est jouée, et celle du forum, au cours de laquelle le public va interagir avec un animateur pour exprimer ses ressentis et éventuellement proposer des alternatives qui pourront être jouées.
La personne qui propose une alternative va monter sur scène et interagir avec les acteurs sur la base de sa proposition alternative, qui peut viser par exemple à dépasser les limites de la scène de départ. Les acteurs réagiront à ce qui leur est proposé en cohérence avec les personnages qu’ils incarnent. Ces moments au cours desquels des personnes du public montent sur scène sont appelés « remplacements ». Le dispositif du théâtre-forum encourage donc les spectateurs à intervenir pour modifier l’action dramatique en imaginant et en testant d’« autres possibles ». En cela, "le spectateur se transforme en « Spect-acteur »» et mobilise concrètement son pouvoir d’agir pour modifier le cours des choses dont il a d’abord été témoin 16. Selon Hamel, le spectateur refuse en devenant spect-acteur «de céder son pouvoir d’agir au héro incarné par l’acteur».
References
The Hash Experiment: Living The Dream
Is There Such Thing as a Failed Relationship?
Sex with an Ex: Good or Bad?
The End of Dysfunctional One-Night Stands and Heavy Realisations
The Other Woman
When a First Date Takes You to McD’s It’s Time To Demand Courtship
When a Man Texts But Never Asks You Out on a Date
I FaceTime My Man But Hate Texting Him
6 Women Share How They Manifested Love
Is There Such Thing as a Failed Relationship?
Sex with an Ex: Good or Bad?
The End of Dysfunctional One-Night Stands and Heavy Realisations
The Other Woman
When a First Date Takes You to McD’s It’s Time To Demand Courtship
When a Man Texts But Never Asks You Out on a Date
I FaceTime My Man But Hate Texting Him
6 Women Share How They Manifested Love
TIME CONSTRAINTS
TIME CONSTRAINTS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
summary
Use time constraints as a tool.
Argumentation
constraints on some sequences to increase creativity, force straight to the point discussion, manage large agendas, but also save time for breaks (coffee, meals) and informal times.
TRAINING
TRAINING
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- ENABLING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS
summary
Train yourself and other to work in complex situations and environments
Argumentation
- internal staff training : for organizers to facilitate participative prevents
- for participants to build a culture of co-creative workshops.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
CONTINOUS REFLECTION PROCESS, ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING PROCESS, COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ECOSYSTEM
TRANSFORMATIONS
TRANSFORMATIONS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
summary
Study how transformation in the system of concern unfold.
References
Oberlack 2019
UPDATED ASSUMPTIONS
UPDATED ASSUMPTIONS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
summary
Devote time to reflect upon, and update, shared or distinct assumptions.
Argumentation
Oberlack et al 2019 "The ToC process can aid team building.
While ToCs are typically formulated at the start of a project, changing team compositions and advances in implementation can lead to diverging ideas among project members about how change happens in the project context. This is especially the case in multi disciplinary and multicultural settings.
Therefore,
Devote time to reflect upon, and update, shared or distinct assumptions about how change happens to help recognize and address diverging views within teams. This process can strengthen teams by consolidating a collectively created perspective and clarifying the different roles and activities of project members. For this reason, several of the projects reviewed invested considerable resources in joint ToC reviews. They were found to enable shared understanding among diverse and geographically distributed team members.
While ToCs are typically formulated at the start of a project, changing team compositions and advances in implementation can lead to diverging ideas among project members about how change happens in the project context. This is especially the case in multi disciplinary and multicultural settings.
Therefore,
Devote time to reflect upon, and update, shared or distinct assumptions about how change happens to help recognize and address diverging views within teams. This process can strengthen teams by consolidating a collectively created perspective and clarifying the different roles and activities of project members. For this reason, several of the projects reviewed invested considerable resources in joint ToC reviews. They were found to enable shared understanding among diverse and geographically distributed team members.
References
source : Oberlack et al 2019
VARIOUS FACILITATION METHODS
VARIOUS FACILITATION METHODS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION RECIPES
summary
choose various methods adapted to the goal you want to reach.
Argumentation
Design thinking, Agile methodologies, Art of hosting, Improv theather, Popular education there are several powerful approaches that co-exist [ref] . In most of these practices,a facilitator leads a group towards some goal by way of a structured activity. Because they provide a framework with a common set of explicit rules, these methods can help organizations solve complex problems through collaborative play [ref gamestorming].
Being clear about the outcomes (whether it is building trust, aligning around a common vision of a problem, clarifying goals, generating new ideas, …) it is possible to choose or adapt specific methods to reach these outcomes.
By combining several sequences feeding from each other it is possible to build very sophisticated collective intelligence/co-creative space. The methods can be used combined in the same SEQUENCE or successively (STRING OF SEQUENCES).
Being clear about the outcomes (whether it is building trust, aligning around a common vision of a problem, clarifying goals, generating new ideas, …) it is possible to choose or adapt specific methods to reach these outcomes.
By combining several sequences feeding from each other it is possible to build very sophisticated collective intelligence/co-creative space. The methods can be used combined in the same SEQUENCE or successively (STRING OF SEQUENCES).
References
- Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
- Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
MEETING FRAMEWORK
VARIOUS GROUP ORGANIZATIONS
VARIOUS GROUP ORGANIZATIONS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
summary
- Use VARIOUS GROUP ORGANIZATIONS supporting the various sequences of the process.
Argumentation
The spatial organization of a group has a lot of impact on its possibilities of collaboration. Therefore, use VARIOUS GROUP ORGANIZATIONS supporting the various sequences of the process.
In our case we used mostly open circle around central visual information management space (videoprojction, post-its, paperbaords…), small work groups with tables, stand up meeting for shorter dynamic interactions.
In our case we used mostly open circle around central visual information management space (videoprojction, post-its, paperbaords…), small work groups with tables, stand up meeting for shorter dynamic interactions.
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
ALTERNATION BETWEEN SUBGROUPS AND WHOLE GROUPS
VARIOUS HARVEST MECHANISMS
VARIOUS HARVEST MECHANISMS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
Argumentation
collection of material: photos, text, mindmaps, posters, use ROLES design your harvest to capture material in format that facilitate later reuse
VARIOUS ROLES
VARIOUS ROLES
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION INGREDIENTS
summary
Assign rôles to participants to increase shared reponsability and reduce workload
Argumentation
- Shared reponsability and rôles : use of roles to increase shared responsability, need less professional facilitation for large groupes
VIDEOPROJECTORS
VIDEOPROJECTORS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
summary
Use videoprojectors to easily broadcast information to a large group.
Argumentation
Projectors combined with digital tools can be used to provide FEEDBACK to the group or WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS. In both cases, this ensure participants all get the same information. Make sure the image can be seen by all. Sometimes the meeting have a fixed position for the projector which might not be the best and make it a constraint for the spatial organization so it might be usefull to have your own spare projector to be able to organize the room the way that is best for you and not constrained by the room itself (ENABLING ARCHITECTURES)
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
ENABLING ARCHITECTURES, FEEDBACK, WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS
VOLUNTARY PARTICIPANTS
VOLUNTARY PARTICIPANTS
Pattern completeness
Incomplete *
PATTERN Category
- WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN
summary
Work only with people who are concerned and really want to participate
Argumentation
Collaborative workshop work mainly because participants are concerned or passionnate about the topic. Having participants who are there under constraints are generally not very involved and their presence might actually impair the collaborative process. Therefore making the participation optionnal and relying on voluntary participants is essential.
VOLUNTARY PARTICIPANTS/STAKEHOLDERS
VOLUNTARY PARTICIPANTS/STAKEHOLDERS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
summary
Work preferably with inherently motivated stakeholders.
Work preferably with inherently motivated stakeholders.
Argumentation
ToC processes require willingness and open-mindedness among participating stakeholders. People forced to participate make the process more difficult
References
Oberlack 2019.
WIKI OPEN PLATFORM
WIKI OPEN PLATFORM
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
summary
Use wiki to allow participants to post information online without pre-requisite
Argumentation
Most often online platform requires technical knowledge or authorization before participants can contributed. However this adds some friction and prevents contribution even for advanced users. Therefore, to facilitate contribution from all, use a WIKI OPEN PLATFORM that allow for contribution without requirements beforehand.
We used the platform to facilitate the interaction before, during and after presential workshops. We shared content program and documents posted online, ONLINE WHO’S WHO with a map of workshop participants, ONLINE POLLS and visible answers.
We used the platform to facilitate the interaction before, during and after presential workshops. We shared content program and documents posted online, ONLINE WHO’S WHO with a map of workshop participants, ONLINE POLLS and visible answers.
References
- Wiki (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki
- YesWiki https://yeswiki.net/?AccueiL
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
ONLINE WHO’S WHO, ONLINE POLLS
WORKING AGREEMENTS
WORKING AGREEMENTS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- FACILITATION RECIPES
summary
make working agreement explicit from the start
Argumentation
Set of rules and expected behaviors, presented at the beginning of every workshop. Useful to objectively weed out incorrect behaviors
WORKSHOP CYCLE
WORKSHOP CYCLE
PATTERN Category
- WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN
summary
Set up a cycle of workshop to have time for improvement
Argumentation
don't just a one off but series of interconnected workshops allowed for testing and improving the workshop structure and the results over a longer period of time. allow for possible evolution and adjustment.
WORKSHOPS PATTERNS
WORKSHOPS PATTERNS
Pattern completeness
Sketchy
PATTERN Category
- WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN
summary
Although each workshop and context is different, there are some invariants in a structure that works.
Argumentation
WORKSHOP followed roughly this structure:
- OFFICIAL INTRODUCTION
- MEETING FRAMING
- ICEBREAKERS
- ALIGNMENT
- DISCUSSION/DEBATES
- BRAINSTORM
- PRODUCTION-ORIENTED METHODS
- HARVEST
- EVALUATION
References
- Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
- Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/
Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)
OFFICIAL INTRODUCTION, MEETING FRAMING, ICEBREAKERS, ALIGNMENT, DISCUSSION/DEBATES
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fiches trouvées
PATTERN Category
Pattern completeness