Sustainability Science Pattern

Pour une démarche vers les Sciences de la Durabilité

Pattern Language for Sustainability Science Initiatives

To operationalise our empirical learnings and address the challenge of making methodologies transferable accross various contexts, we propose a draft Pattern Language for Sustainability Science Initiatives that can provide a guide for other practitionners while facilitating adaptation to local conditions and contexts.
We believe our pattern collection can provide a guide for practitioners seeking to invent their own solutions or question and improve their existing initiatives.

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EVALUATION METHODS

EVALUATION METHODS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION RECIPES

summary Use speficic time of evaluation to assess progress and remain on track.

Argumentation When navigating in a complex environment it is essential to take refelxive times (CONTINOUS REFLECTION PROCESS) to ensure we are still on track and adjust the strategy when necessary. Use RETROSPECTIVES format to assess what went well and what needs to be adjusted.

References

Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION, RETROSPECTIVES

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INTEGRATION OF ONLINE AND OFFLINE TOOLS

INTEGRATION OF ONLINE AND OFFLINE TOOLS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

summary use online tools to support the overall process.

Argumentation use of online tools to support process: notes, photos, links to methods and tools that were used are posted online during the event, so the knowledge base evolve organically with the group. the material collected before the meeting is reused during the meeting.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) ALTERNATION BETWEEN ONLINE AND OFFLINE INTERACTIONS

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ITERATIVE PROCESS

ITERATIVE PROCESS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

STRATEGY

summary Work step-by-step and test to keep the possibility to adjust as you go.

Argumentation Iteration is the repetition of a process in order to generate a (possibly unbounded) sequence of outcomes. The sequence will approach some end point or end value. Each repetition of the process is a single iteration, and the outcome of each iteration is then the starting point of the next iteration.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) PROTOTYPING

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MEAL-SHARING

MEAL-SHARING

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION RECIPES

summary Sharing a meal is a great way to meet others, increase mutual knwoledge, trust and share informal discussion.

Argumentation Creativity and innovation doesn’t happen only during the workshop but also during all the infromal times around. Within these, meal sharing is an imporant part of the group interaction helping to buil MUTUAL KNOWLEDGE and trust between participants, as well as giving birth to new ideas and projects.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

VARIOUS FACILITATION METHODS

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MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS

MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

STRATEGY

summary Bring multiple stakeholders to the discussion to enhance collective intelligence.

Argumentation Working on complex topics requires multiples viewpoints and expertise COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE. therefore, it is essential that researchers conduct their work with multiple stakeholders whose perspective can enhance the quality of the result.

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(WORK) SEQUENCES

(WORK) SEQUENCES

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN

summary Use specific work sequences to address specific sub-goals

Argumentation

Each SEQUENCE/METHOD followed roughly this structure:

OPENING : describe the goal (EXPLICIT GOALS), and the principles of the method.
EXPLORATION / GAME : the core of the strucured activity.
CLOSING : a brief conclusion before going to the next step.

References

Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) VARIOUS FACILITATION METHODS

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ADAPTATIVE PROCESS

ADAPTATIVE PROCESS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

summary Use an adaptive process to welcome the unexpected.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) EMERGENCE, PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION

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ALIGNMENT METHODS

ALIGNMENT METHODS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION RECIPES

summary Use alignment methods to make individual and collective visions on the topic explicit.

Argumentation alignement on the topic: confront individual and collective vision on the topic, and make the result visible to the group. not a discussion or debat but a way to map opinions vision on the topic before going into debate. Helps to create a SHARED LANGAGUAGE.

References

Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) VARIOUS FACILITATION METHODS

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ALTERNATION BETWEEN ONLINE AND OFFLINE INTERACTIONS

ALTERNATION BETWEEN ONLINE AND OFFLINE INTERACTIONS

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

summary Use online tools to enhance interactions before and after face-to-face meetings.

Argumentation ONLINE POLLS, ONLINE WHO’S WHO help to start the collaborative dynamic before the presential meeting, and online time after to close the work and prepare the next workshop.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) INTEGRATION OF ONLINE AND OFFLINE TOOLS

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ALTERNATION BETWEEN SUBGROUPS AND WHOLE GROUPS

ALTERNATION BETWEEN SUBGROUPS AND WHOLE GROUPS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

summary Move between small and large groups configurations to keep discussions rich and interactive.

Argumentation In large groups, it is difficult to have deep and meaningfull discussion and keep participants engaged. Therefore, to keep rich discussions and intereactive, design your workshop with ALTERNANCE BETWEEN SUBGROUPS AND WHOLE GROUPS. Ask yourself which phase can be done in small groups ? In which phase is it essential to be work as a large group ?

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) VARIOUS GROUP ORGANIZATIONS

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APPROPRIATE GRANULARITY

APPROPRIATE GRANULARITY

PATTERN Category

COMPOSTABILITY

summary Break knowledge into small chunks to facilitate reuse in other context

Argumentation Content should be share in small grains so as to be more easily understandable and searchable.
We used patterns formats to share best practices. Ensure the knowledge grai nare of appropriate granularity ie, not too small or not too big.

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BUDGET

BUDGET

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

ENABLING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS

summary Plan an explicit budget in advance.

Argumentation Oberlack et al 2019 : "Our review showed that ToC use was particularly successful when projects explicitly budgeted and planned the process in advance, and agreed on joint meetings from the beginning."

References Oberlack et al 2019

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CO-DESIGN

CO-DESIGN

PATTERN Category

STRATEGY

summary Use co-design process to conceive your strategy.

Argumentation The main design of the strategy and the workshop was a collaborative process invovlving CORE ORGANIZATION GROUP of academic and non academic partners.
Co-design of meeting goals and structures
Co-design also happened at other levels : Some elements of the strategy were discussed and designed with a PILOT COMITEE to assess the appropriateness of the strategy, while some elements of the actual workshops design were discussed with some participants.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) PILOT COMITEE

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COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ECOSYSTEM

COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ECOSYSTEM

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN

summary Create a COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ECOSYSTEM to promote the development of collaborative skills

Argumentation Multistakeholders projects are inherently collaborative. Therefore, developping collaborative skills both at the individual and group levels appears to be essential for productive exchanges between multiple actors [ref].
A recent thesis in Education Sciences proposed a model of key competences that are essential to lead a collaborative project [Sanojca, 2018] and offered insight as how to promote the development of these collaborative skills. The study concludes that, rather than using an approach that treat the development of each skill separately by specific exercises, it is preferable to design an ecosystem favorable to the development of collaborative skills.

This involves LEARNING BY DOING, REFLEXIVE PRACTICES, MULTISTAKEHOLDERS

References

Sanojca, E (2018). Les compétences collaboratives et leur développement en formation d’adultes : le cas d’une formation hybride. PHD Thesis.
Kim, E. E. (2014). Collaboration Muscles & Mindsets. Self-published.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) LEARNING BY DOING, REFLEXIVE PRACTICES, MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS

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COLLABORATIVE SKILLS

COLLABORATIVE SKILLS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

ENABLING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS

summary Enhance collaborative skills in the group

Argumentation According to Sanojca (2018) there are 3 core collaborative skills that collaborative groups have :

Having a “collaborative spirit” :This quality would mark a predisposition to enter into cooperation, it includes:

have a positive a priori towards collaboration
operate in reciprocity mode
be aware of interdependence with others

Co-designing the structure of his project : Animate a collaborative project starts from the design. Co-designing the structure of your project from the start would strengthen commitment and mutual motivation.

Having a concern for the common good : A project will generate productions. Placing these productions under the seal of the “common” would indicate the maturity of a group to cooperate / collaborate and would consolidate the long-term commitment

References Sanojca, E.. Les compétences collaboratives et leur développement en formation d’adultes : le cas d’une formation hybride. Education. Université Rennes 2, 2018. Français. PHD Thesis. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01709910

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COLLABORATIVELY DEFINED INDICATORS

COLLABORATIVELY DEFINED INDICATORS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

STRATEGY

summary Build collaborativelly indicators that fit in your context.

Argumentation There are no right and objectives indicators that work in all contexts so it is preferable to defined indicators collaboratively so they are fit to the contest studied.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) EVALUATION PRACTICES, PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION, REGULAR GOAL ASSESSMENT

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COMPOSTABILITY

COMPOSTABILITY

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

COMPOSTABILITY

summary Knowledge should be easy to break down, reuse and recycling just like nutrients in nature.

Argumentation use the metaphor of nutrient cycling in living system. essentially any knowledge that cannot be reused because of legal or technical reason cannot be reused, recycled in other context is like plastic that cannot be reused by other living systems
Projects and organizations live and die, but the data and knowledge produced should not disappear with them. Create the conditions so that any project funded by public money could be possibly replicated

References Marseault, L. and Lalande, R. (2016) La compostabilité : pour un écosystème de projets vivaces. Français. self published. https://ressources.osons.cc/?PetitPrecisDeCompostabiliteDesprojets
Ricaud, 2014 Open social innovation, a new intellectual framework to facilitate the sharing of social practices https://www.academia.edu/7594341/Open_social_innovation_a_new_intellectual_framework_to_facilitate_the_sharing_of_social_practices

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) SHARED RECIPES, APPROPRIATE GRANULARITY, FREE LICENCE, FREE/LIBRE SOFTWARE, INTEROPERABILITY, PATTERNS, PATTERN LANGUAGE, SIMPLIFIED PATTERN MINING, PATTERN DATABASE

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CONTEXTUALIZED CAUSES / CONTEXT CONDITIONS

CONTEXTUALIZED CAUSES / CONTEXT CONDITIONS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

References Oberlack 2019

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CORE ORGANIZATION GROUP

CORE ORGANIZATION GROUP

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

STRATEGY

summary Use a small interdisciplinary group to organize the CO-DESIGN process.

Argumentation Small group made of 2 researchers, 2 PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS. The small size of the group ensured the process remained fluid and the meetings were easy.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) CO-DESIGN, PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS

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CREATIVE TECHNICS

CREATIVE TECHNICS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

Argumentation
Ingredients for creativity includes :

use of movement,
GENERATIVE QUESTIONS,
constraints,
make people work with their hands

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) IDEATION METHODS

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CULTURAL CONTEXT

CULTURAL CONTEXT

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

STRATEGY

summary Make sure your strategy suits the cultural context of your intervention.

Argumentation Cultural context looks at the society individuals are raised in and at how their culture affects behavior. It incorporates learned values and shared attitudes among groups of people. It includes language, norms, customs, ideas, beliefs and meanings.
When working with MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS approaches designers should always keep in mind and account for the difference of cultural context from various participants.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS, INTERDISCIPINARITY

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DIAGNOSES

DIAGNOSES

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

References Oberlack et al 2019

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DIALOGUE MAPPING

DIALOGUE MAPPING

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION RECIPES

summary Map discussions and make them visible to enhance reflexive thinking

Argumentation Live mapping and projection of discussion using VIDEOPROJECTOR or STICKY NOTES to enhance reflexive thinking from participants (REFLEXIVITY).

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION, VIDEOPROJECTOR, STICKY NOTES

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DISCUSSION AND DEBATE METHODS

DISCUSSION AND DEBATE METHODS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION RECIPES

summary to get fruitfull discussions, use methods that enhance active listening within the group.

Argumentation Good discussions where all voices can be heard are rare. Yet there are some simple but powerfull methods that can greatly enhance the quality of discussions and the allo exchange of opinions in a productive way.

Therefore choose specific methods (TALKING STICK, FISHBOWL, CIRCLES, ...) that favor ACTIVE LISTENING, combine them with DIALOGUE MAPPING

References

Art of hosting http://www.artofhosting.org/
Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

VARIOUS FACILITATION METHODS

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DOCUMENT STORAGE

DOCUMENT STORAGE

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

summary Use an online document storage to store key documents

Argumentation Store all key documents in place where participants can access them easily before, during and after the face to face meetings.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

OPEN WIKI PLATFORM

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EMERGENCE

EMERGENCE

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

Argumentation Complex systems are non-linear, so working with complexity requires to accept unpredictability and leave EMPTY SPACES for new things, ideas, … to emerge.

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EMPTY SPACES

EMPTY SPACES

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

summary Leave some space and time for unexpected things to emerge,

Argumentation Because we work with complex systems that can display unexpected outcomes and we always have KNOWLEDGE GAPS, leave some space and time for unexpected things to emerge ( (discussions ,ideas, topics)

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

KNOWLEDGE GAPS
EMERGENCE

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ENABLING ARCHITECTURES

ENABLING ARCHITECTURES

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

summary Make sure architectures don't restrain the emerging process

Argumentation Remain aware of the impact of architecture on the process: informal space, flexible spaces that can be reorganized easily during the process. fixed architectures that can bloc interactions. Amphitheather have rigid unflexible architecture, open spaces with chairs and small tables are better.

In a similar way, most classic intranet tools have rigid unflexible architecture, whereas wikis wrap around the needs of the process and the users.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) CIRCLES, EMPTY SPACES, EMERGENCE, INFORMAL INTERACTION SPACES, VARIOUS GROUP ORGANIZATIONS, ENABLING DIGITAL TOOLS, WIKI OPEN PLATFORM,,

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ENABLING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS

ENABLING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

summary Ensure conditions are enable resource-intensive participatory process.

Argumentation Oberlack et al 2019 : " ToCs are resource-intensive due to their continuous, participatory character. As noted, ToCs are especially useful if elaborated collaboratively and employed in an ongoing process of critical reflection and learning. This requires that project members and stakeholders are willing and able to spend sufficient time and resources actively engaging in the process. Our review showed that ToC use was particularly successful when projects explicitly budgeted and planned the process in advance, and agreed on joint meetings from the beginning. Nevertheless, we also found that joint elaboration of ToCs with all project stakeholders, often from different back- grounds, can be challenging, and compromise may be necessary to agree on goals. Indeed, establishing shared goals is essential to developing ToCs that can be used to generate transformation knowledge.

References source : Oberlack et al 2019

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EVALUATION AND FEEDBACK MECHANISMS

EVALUATION AND FEEDBACK MECHANISMS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

STRATEGY

summary Use evaluation and feedback mechanisms to assess progress and adjust goals and process.

Argumentation Use RETROSPECTIVE to evaluate progress both in the core organizing group, with MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS at the end of some sequences, or workshops. Use ONLINE POLLS before or after the presential workshops to get feedback on what’s expected by participants or how the workshop went. Use FEEDBACK WALLS or VIDEOPROJECTORS to make information visible during the workshops.

References

Agile software development : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agile_software_development

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) FEEDBACK WALLS, VIDEOPROJECTORS, ONLINE POLLS, RETROSPECTIVE, MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS

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EXPERTS AS FACILITATORS

EXPERTS AS FACILITATORS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

summary Bring experts that are able ask the right questions rather than give the right answer.

Argumentation

Most often experts are called to deliver knowledge to listeners, they come to deliver their truth and go. In complex topics, we need to accept the fact that every participant is, to some degree, an expert within his own field. To balance the need to listen to participants voice while also using experts knowledge it can be interesting to reverse the traditional schematics.

We called experts for some workshops, but we designed events so that experts would come and observe the work of the participants, listen to participants and react faterwards to what is said to bring the discussion to a higher level.

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EXPLICIT CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS

EXPLICIT CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

Argumentation ToCs facilitate project planning by explicitly articulating critical assumptions regarding the links of the project with societal transformations.

Joint development of a ToC forces project members to diagnose as precisely as possible the current state of the system, including perceptions of it.

Building on this diagnosis, the ToC development process urges them to develop explicit hypotheses about how intended transformations could unfold. Through in-depth dialogue, the tacit knowledge and implicit suppositions of actors become explicit and debatable.

Scientific theories of societal transformation can reinforce or correct claims about transformations and the potential roles of the project therein. ToCs highlight the activities that are particularly critical to realize transformative ambitions. This aids in formulating, fine-tuning, and sequencing project activities. It also helps in developing risk management strategies and allocating staff and financial resources in view of goals and pathways to impacts. Identification of risks and respective mitigation strategies was included in many of the projects reviewed. However, we found no commonly agreed way of using ToC in project planning, and projects varied in the level of sophistication of their ToCs."

References Oberlack et al 2019.

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EXPLICIT GOALS

EXPLICIT GOALS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN

summary make sequence goal explicit

Argumentation Everytime you enter a new sequence or workshop, explain the logic behinf the choixes : why we are doing it that way ? What goals do we want to reach ?

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FERTILE DISAGREEMENTS

FERTILE DISAGREEMENTS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

summary Look at disagreements as opportunities for fruitfull discussions

Argumentation Identify controversies and look at them as promises for fruitfull discussion rather than to try to avoid them and remain in consensus.

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FLEXIBLE WORKSHOP STRUCTURE

FLEXIBLE WORKSHOP STRUCTURE

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN

summary Keep some flexibility in your workshop design to be able to respond to unexpected and interesting things that emerge.

Argumentation Planning is essential, particularly when working with large and diverse groups. However when everything is planned before hand, there is no EMPTY SPACE for unxpected things. When sorking with complex systems we often work with thing that we don't knwo we don't know (KNOWLEDGE GAPS), so it is important to account for that .
Though it is important that the overall plan of the workshop is known and structured, it is equally important to allow for some flexibility so as to be able to respond to unexpected and interesting things that emerge during the process.

Therefore, keep some flexibility in your workshop design to be able to respond to unexpected and interesting things that emerge.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) FUZZY GOALS, REFLEXIVE PRACTICES.

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FREE LICENCE

FREE LICENCE

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

COMPOSTABILITY

summary Prevent knowledge enclosure and privatization by using free licence

Argumentation Copyright that prevents spontaneous reuse of information sometimes forces to reinvent things which have already done elsewhere. For sustainability it is important to allow reuse of content and material so that it can be easily reused and improved.

References

Free licences https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_license

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) COMPOSTABILITY

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FREE/LIBRE SOFTWARE

FREE/LIBRE SOFTWARE

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

COMPOSTABILITY

summary Use free open tools to ensure data can be transfered and reused by all without constraints.

Argumentation Most proprietary software used close code that makes it impossible to customize the tool to specific needs. In addition tool most often requires an expensive subscription that makes it difficult to use for actors with low financial ressources. Finally many proprietary software have also proprietary formats that makes it difficult to share data.
Therefore, it is important to prefer free/libre software that can be possibly customized, improved and used interorable formats often for a free or low price.

References Where Will I Find Love: Keys to a Successful Online Dating
The Importance Of Breaking Rapport
Does It Matter What You Say To Women
Chance For Love
Nonverbal Body Language – That Women Find Attractive
Your Time-bound Married life
Hurt and Confused in long distance relationship
The Power of Positive Thinking When Dating at Backpage
How Towards Crank out First Date Flow
We all know how sexting begins at Backpage

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) COMPOSTABILITY

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FUZZY GOALS

FUZZY GOALS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

STRATEGY

summary Use fuzzy goals to motivates the general direction of the work, without blinding the team to opportunities along the journey.

Argumentation In a paper titled “Radical innovation: crossing boundaries with interdisciplinary teams,” Cambridge researcher Alan Blackwell and colleagues identified fuzzy goals (they called it a pole-star vision) as an essential element of successful innovation. A fuzzy goal is one that “motivates the general direction of the work, without blinding the team to opportunities along the journey.”

Kuenkel, P. (2017) propose a new mindset : "Taking goals as transformative guidance shifts", ie going from : aspiring to reach targets defined as measurable stable future state or static target, to taking goals as temporarily binding guidance for achieving a dynamic balance in better fun-ctioning patterns while using metrics to conti-nuously learn how to further improve patterns.

References

Blackwell et al : Radical innovation: crossing boundaries with interdisciplinary teams,”
Kuenkel, P. (2017). A pattern approach to stewarding sustainability transformation How the 17th SDGs can become a starting point for transformative change. Collective Leadership studies volume.

http://wiki.collectiveleadership.com/images/c/c3/Collective_Leadership_Studies_Vol5_A_Pattern_Approach_to_Stewarding_Sustainability_Transformation.pdf

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

MEANINGFULL AND ATTAINABLE GOALS
SHARED GOALS
REGULAR GOAL ASSESSMENTS

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GROUP WORKS FACILITATION PATTERNS

GROUP WORKS FACILITATION PATTERNS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

summary Learn to identify and use patterns that influence group dynamics.

Argumentation Many more facilitation patterns can be found : https://groupworksdeck.org/patterns_by_category

References https://groupworksdeck.org/patterns_by_category

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HIGH TRUST GROUPS

HIGH TRUST GROUPS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

STRATEGY

summary Focus on trust-building between key players.

Argumentation A project is like a tree without strong and deep roots, it will fall down after the first storm. Trust and mutual understanding between participants are the most essential roots of a collective project.

Trust is an essential part of effective collaboration. Without it, most groups fall apart. However, we are often naive in how we design for trust.

Therefore, invest a lot of time to build to build mutual understanding and trust between participants. No matter how sophisticated your design, high trust.
High-trust groups are about forgiveness. Low-trust groups are about permission.
In low-trust groups, people fear that they won’t be properly represented and that others won’t make good decisions on their own, so they insist on being part of every decision. Decision-making is often time-consuming and ineffective as a result. These groups often try to compensate by adding more rigid, formal governance structures.

There are two ways to navigate around this. The first is to remember that there are other ways to invest in trust beyond building new structures — specifically, investing in relationships. The second is to think more intentionally and creatively about the structures you build.

Invest in relationships first, then design structures that reinforce, rather than replace, trust. When you design for trust, the results are often simpler and more elegant (and sometimes counter-intuitive). These designs give up control rather than assert it, resulting in greater agility and higher quality.

References

Kim, E.E. (2014) Investing in and Designing for Trust http://fasterthan20.com/2014/08/investing-in-and-designing-for-trust/
Marseault, L. Personal communication

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

VARIOUS FACILITATION METHODS
NARRATIVE TECHNICS
MEAL SHARING
ICEBREAKERS

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ICEBREAKERS

ICEBREAKERS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION RECIPES

summary Use icebreaker sequence to increase trust and mutual knowlegde between participants.

Argumentation one of the prerequisite for effective collaboration is mutual knowledge and trust building between participants. This was achieved using specific facilitation methods such as icebreakers. icebreakers and mutual knowledge

References

Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) VARIOUS FACILITATION METHODS

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IDEATION METHODS

IDEATION METHODS

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION RECIPES

summary Use adapted methods to generate new ideas and insights

Argumentation brainstorm and ideations methods are used to generate new ideas using CREATIVE TECHNICS

References

Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) CREATIVE TECHNICS

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IMPROVISATION

IMPROVISATION

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

summary Welcome the unexpected and improvize.

Argumentation To allow for the emergence of unxpected yet interesting elements requires flexibility. For this it is ipmportant to be able to change the plan and improvize to work with what’s happening. However it is better to not do this on sensitive issued unless you are PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS.

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INFORMAL CONTEXTS

INFORMAL CONTEXTS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

summary Create informal context to make participants more open to collaboration

Argumentation Use ingredients to make context informal so as to favor rich interaction beyond the titles of the participants and make participants more open to collaboration : informal space organization such as café style architecture, informal language, inimum official talks meal sharing, informal breaks)

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INTER/TRANSDISCIPLINARY INTERFACES

INTER/TRANSDISCIPLINARY INTERFACES

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

summary Shape the interfaces between disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary activities.

Argumentation Oberlack et al 2019 : shape the interfaces between disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary activities. ToCs can support joint transdisciplinary programming by engaging project stakeholders in an in-depth discussion of project activities, pathways to impacts, assumptions about change, knowledge gaps, and expected outcomes. ToCs may provide a shared object for debates between scientific and societal actors, helping them build a joint, cumulative understanding of how and why particu - lar activities did or did not produce particular changes. Nevertheless, ToC processes alone are seldom sufficient to overcome uNderlying epistemological differences between stakeholders from different disciplines. In some of the reviewed cases, targeted workshops were necessary to address and jointly define the conceptual foundation of a given transdisciplinary endeavour.

References source : Oberlack et al 2019

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INTERDISCIPLINARITY

INTERDISCIPLINARITY

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

summary Bring specialists from various domains of expertise to address complex problems.

Argumentation Scholars increasingly emphasize the importance of sustainability science as an interdisciplinary field that engages in and seeks to foster transformations towards sustainable development through activities including generation of scientific evidence and theory, education, practices of knowledge co-production, critical thought, and integration of alternative perspectives (Kates 2011, cited by Oberlack et al 2019).

References

Oberlack et al 2019)

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INTERDISCIPLINARY STRUCTURING PROGRAMS

INTERDISCIPLINARY STRUCTURING PROGRAMS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

ENABLING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS

Argumentation Interdisciplinary Structuring Programs in Partnership (PSIP) whose mission defined in the COP is to conduct “strategic thinking” in the thematic fields that are specific to them.

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INTEROPERABILITY

INTEROPERABILITY

PATTERN Category

COMPOSTABILITY

summary Ensure data and knowledge can easily be transfered in other tools or contexts.

Argumentation Interoperability is a characteristic of a product or system, whose interfaces are completely understood, to work with other products or systems, at present or in the future, in either implementation or access, without any restrictions.
While the term was initially defined for information technology or systems engineering services to allow for information exchange, a broader definition takes into account social, political, and organizational factors that impact system to system performance.
Formats we used are standards and interoperable (.HTML, MD, .MM)

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) COMPOSTABILITY.

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JOINT DATA GENERATION AND VERIFICATION

JOINT DATA GENERATION AND VERIFICATION

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

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KNOWLEDGE GAPS

KNOWLEDGE GAPS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

summary Acknowledge that unknowns will remain and account for that.

Argumentation Oberlack et al 2019 : "ToCs help address attribution gaps, while acknowledging that unknowns will remain.
Virtually every initiative confronts factors beyond its control, for example concerning societal agreement or learning beyond the project’s reach. Moreover, outcomes frequently emerge from many concurrent dynamics and activities. Attribution of outcomes to a single project thus systematically faces an attribution gap. Without a ToC , discussions of impact may remain vague and the corresponding analysis may emphasize short-term results lacking transformative potential. ToCs can reduce, but not eliminate, the problem of causal attribution.
Therefore,
Create a space for in-depth discussion among project stakeholders about causal effects – stipulated in a mutually agreed ex ante ToC – supports deliberative evaluations of whether, how, and why a project had an impact as well as what other factors may have had an impact.
Discussion of impact pathways can be supported by a ToC that structures the analysis, and facilitates naming of unknowns as they crop up.

References source : Oberlack et al 2019

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LEARNING BY DOING

LEARNING BY DOING

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

STRATEGY

summary Use living experiences as a pedagogical tool to go beyond theoritical teaching

Argumentation Collaborative practices and culture cannot be learned in manual. The skills arelearned by practicing. Some PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS talk about “collaborative muscles” to emphasize the idea that the acquisition of skills requires regular practices and exercizing.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS

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LIVE COLLABORATIVE WRITING

LIVE COLLABORATIVE WRITING

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

summary Use live collaborative writing to allow multiple writers to collectively write notes during the events

Argumentation Meeting notes are often a tedious work where, most often, notes are taken during the meetin by one person and then cleand up to be sent days or weeks after the meeting.
On the other hand, LIVE COLLABORATING WRITING tools allowing multiple writers to collaboratively write notes during the events offers several advantages :

it makes it possible for organizers to share the workload with participants and give them responsability
it makes it possible for remote participants to follow the live event
the content can be viewed during the event using a VIDEOPROJECTOR for better collaborative writing.

We used etherpad a free/libre software that requires no prior installation, passwords nor specific competence.

References

Etherpad : https://etherpad.org/

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) - SMALL TRANSFORMATIONAL EXPERIENCE

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LIVE PHOTO UPLOAD

LIVE PHOTO UPLOAD

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

summary Use live photo upload to communicate with remoter participants and keep memory of the workshops.

Argumentation The possibility to upload photos easily and instantly offers several advantages : live blogging that remote participants can follow, collaborative uploading of photos that avoid the need to do the work after the workshops. We used the free online service Yogile (https://www.yogile.com/) that allow photo upload using a simple email.

References

https://www.yogile.com/

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) HARVEST, LIVE COLLABORATING WRITING,

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MAP OF PARTICIPANTS

MAP OF PARTICIPANTS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

summary Use a geographic map of participants to increase mutual knowledge.

Argumentation Used to give a visuel representation of participants, increase mutual knowledge. https://planete-ird-sustainability-science.org/?CartO

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS, ONLINE WHO’S WHO

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MEANINGFUL AND ATTAINABLE GOALS

MEANINGFUL AND ATTAINABLE GOALS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

summary Choose goals of interest that can realistically be achieved.

Argumentation Goals that are too large or too small will not be reached. Goals that are not of interest of stakeholders will not be carried out. therefore, choose goal that are both of interest to the participants and that can be reasonably attained in your context.

ToCs facilitate the development of meaningful and attainable project goals.
it is critical that project stakeholders formulate and share ownership of goals and transformative pathways based on an explicit ethical stance.

ToC process enables deliberation in groups, and furthers the formulation and reflection of context-specific, just, legitimate, and realistic goals.

References Oberlack et al 2019

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

SHARED GOALS
FUZZY GOALS

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MEETING FRAMEWORK

MEETING FRAMEWORK

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION RECIPES

summary present the goals of the meeting at the start

Argumentation present the goals of the meeting:

WORKING AGREEMENTS

- presentation of goals and program

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MINDMAPS

MINDMAPS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

summary Use mindmaps to visualize links between various data and navigate in complex web of concepts.

Argumentation A mind map is a diagram used to visually organize information. A mind map is hierarchical and shows relationships among pieces of the whole. It is often created around a single concept, drawn as an image in the center of a blank page, to which associated representations of ideas such as images, words and parts of words are added. Major ideas are connected directly to the central concept, and other ideas branch out from those major ideas.
MINDMAPS allow a non linear vizualisation of information that is particularly suitable to map complex ideas ad can be used to map conflicting views (DIALOG MAPPING)
Cunningham (2005) conducted a user study in which 80% of the students thought “mindmapping helped them understand concepts and ideas in science”. Other studies also report some subjective positive effects on the use of mind maps.

We used freeplane a free/libre mindmapping software.
https://www.freeplane.org/

References Glennis Edge Cunningham (2005). Mindmapping: Its Effects on Student Achievement in High School Biology (Ph.D.). The University of Texas at Austin. Brian Holland; Lynda Holland; Jenny Davies (2004). “An investigation into the concept of mind mapping and the use of mind mapping software to support and improve student academic performance”. D’Antoni, A.V.; Zipp, G.P. (2006). “Applications of the Mind Map Learning Technique in Chiropractic Education: A Pilot Study and Literature”.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY used for DIALOG MAPPING.
Use VIDEOPROJECTOR to display live mindmap in front or large audience.

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MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS PROCESSES

MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS PROCESSES

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

summary Work with multiple stakeholders to increase your perspective on the system.

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MULTIPLE VENUES

MULTIPLE VENUES

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

summary Rotate meeting locations among the participants rather than seek “neutral” space.

Argumentation Eugene Kim : "Spatial issues may seem trivial, but I think they are just as important as facilitation. In 2012, I co-led a project called the Delta Dialogues, where we were facilitating a multistakeholder group around California water issues. Our participants had been fighting over these extremely contentious issues for decades, and many had standing lawsuits with each other. One of the early decisions we made was to rotate our meeting locations among the participants rather than seek “neutral” space. We had six one-day meetings scheduled, and we decided to devote half that time to “learning journeys” — essentially tours of each others’ spaces. We did this because the Sacramento Delta is beautiful, and we wanted to spend as much time as possible in that beauty to remind ourselves what this was all about. We also did this wanted participants to experience each other’s environments first-hand to build greater empathy.

This was not a decision we made lightly. Given the complexity of the issues we were discussing, devoting half of our times to field trips felt hard to swallow, and we went back and forth on this decision a number of times. However, when the process was over, participants consistently cited these learning journeys as the most powerful part of the process for them."

References Kim, E. The art of the start :
http://fasterthan20.com/2014/01/the-art-of-the-start/

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) ENABLING ARCHITECTURES

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MULTISTAKEHOLDERS

MULTISTAKEHOLDERS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN

summary Work with diverse profiles of participants to maximize collective intelligence.

Argumentation Ensure the participants are diverse and represent the whole system. sometimes only researchers from various disciplines, sometimes researchers and partners from civil society (teachers, students, jurists, funding agencies, …) collective intelligence needs diversity.

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NARRATIVE TECHNICS

NARRATIVE TECHNICS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

Argumentation storytelling works well in various CULTURAL CONTEXT: sharing stories increase mutual knowledge and trust building, good start to build a group own shared language

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NON-LINEAR / SYSTEMIC EFFECTS

NON-LINEAR / SYSTEMIC EFFECTS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

summary The process must embrace non-linearity and unintended effects.

Argumentation We have a tendency to depict linear relationships between activities and outputs, outcomes, and impacts. Often we are focusing too much on optimistic scenarios, while disregarding unintended effects. However, in complex systems, linearity and causality between activity and impact can only be established in very narrow subsystems. In the course of many interventions, linear models and optimistic expectations are disrupted by unforeseen contingencies, emergent outcomes, feedback loops, and counter-movements.

Therefore,

Projects must conduct critical assessments of potential unintended effects.

Our review identified complementary tools such as stakeholder mapping, SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis, and participatory scenario building as useful in this regard.
To embrace the non-linearity of transformations, one of the reviewed initiatives rooted their ToC in adaptive governance. Results showed that ToCs are best embedded in a CONTINOUS REFLECTION PROCESS, rather than a static workplan.
source : Oberlack et al 2019

References

Oberlack et al 2019.
Nonlinear system (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear_system

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

SYSTEMIC THINKING
SYSTEMIC EVALUATION PROCEDURES AND INDICATORS
SYSTEMIC CHANGE
FUZZY GOALS

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ONLINE INTERACTION AFTER WORKSHOP

ONLINE INTERACTION AFTER WORKSHOP

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN

summary Create a design that allow interactions after face-to-face meetings ended.

Argumentation
followed roughly this structure:

FEEDBACK POLL
SHARED CONTENT (RAW NOTES, REFINED DOCUMENTS, SHARED RECIPES).

allow for more feedback, adjustment, longer and more productive interactino

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ONLINE INTERACTION BEFORE WORKSHOP

ONLINE INTERACTION BEFORE WORKSHOP

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN

summary Create a design that allow interactions between participants before face-to-face meetings.

Argumentation followed roughly this structure:

ONLINE PROGRAM
INVITATION MAIL
ONLINE QUESTIONS
PARTICIPANTS MAP
ONLINE WHO’S WHO

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) ONLINE PROGRAM

INVITATION MAIL
ONLINE QUESTIONS
PARTICIPANTS MAP
ONLINE WHO’S WHO

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ONLINE POLLS

ONLINE POLLS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

summary Use online polls to get feedback from remote participants

Argumentation Online polls integrated within the wiki were used to collect data, ideas, representations, feedback, litterature from participants.

We used forms generated by YesWiki , the WIKI PLATFORM. This allowed to make the result of the polls visible to all participants for immediate feedback (FEEDBACK MECHANISMS)

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS, ONLINE WHO’S WHO, MAP OF PARTICIPANTS

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ONLINE WHO’S WHO

ONLINE WHO’S WHO

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

summary Use online who's who to increase mutual knowledge between remote participants

Argumentation to increase mutual knowledge and potential collaboration during and after workshop, an online who’s who featuring name, photo

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OPEN ACCESS

OPEN ACCESS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

COMPOSTABILITY

summary Reduce barriers to copying or reuse by publishing knowledge in open access.

Argumentation Open access (OA) is a set of principles and a range of practices through which research outputs are distributed online, free of cost or other access barriers.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

FREE LICENCE
COMPOSTABILITY

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ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING PROCESS

ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING PROCESS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

summary Build organizational learning process in your design to promote cumulative learning at the level of organization

Argumentation Oberlack et al 2019 : " ToCs can facilitate cumulative learning at organizational levels.
The ToC approach can provide organization-level benefits when embedded in an organizational learning process involving larger numbers of similar projects. Deliberations on ToCs at the organizational level can be useful in two ways: first, for individuals within organizations, ToCs can enable mutual learning between staff conducting similar activities and using similar ToCs in different contexts, thereby promoting self-reflexive learning processes. Second, for organizations as a unit, longer-term learning processes regarding the validity of specific ToCs can help to build detailed, cumulative organizational knowledge about how, why, and under what conditions specific activities are effective or not. Such experience can refine organization-level ToCs reflecting the contextual and practical nuances of different contexts and activities in which an organization is engaged. Moreover, organization-level ToCs can support members in gaining greater clarity about the pathways and critical assumptions of the organization’s mission. Complementing individual job descriptions and organizational missions with a ToC can help members reflect on their own roles and competencies within the organization’s setup

References source : Oberlack et al 2019

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OUTCOMES AND IMPACTS

OUTCOMES AND IMPACTS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

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OUTPUTS AS INPUTS

OUTPUTS AS INPUTS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN

summary Use outputs from one sequence as inputs in the next ones

Argumentation Each sequence or workshop generate particular outputs/yields whether intangible (trust, mutual knowledge, …) or tangible outputs (list of new ideas, prioritized actions, documents). In many workshop,there is no articulation between the work sequences and very often because of lack of time or dedicated means, the outputs generated are never reused.
Therefore, try to use outputs from one work sequence as inputs for another sequence. Design VARIOUS HARVEST MECHANISMS to capture material in format that facilitate later reuse

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) VARIOUS HARVEST MECHANISMS

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PATTERN CATEGORY

PATTERN CATEGORY

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

COMPOSTABILITY

summary Having a high number of patterns to deal with can be overwhelming, particularly for new users. Therefore, to facilitate appropriation, organize pattern into emerging categories to give readers a quick overview.

Argumentation Most often the patterns are discovered during the process, so don't use fixed categories, but instead let categories emerges from the data. To facilitate the choice, you can use the affinity map method : https://gamestorming.com/affinity-map/

categories should not be seen as fixed or final and category names or numbers should evolve as needed.

Patterns are part of a network and sometimes could belong to several categories, but it might be less confusing to place them in only one categories

Just as for PATTERN NAME, naming the categories should be done with some of the contributors to ensure the name are explicit for everyone.

References Affinity map - Gamestoming : https://gamestorming.com/affinity-map/

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) PATTERN NAMES, PATTERNS, PATTERN STRUCTURE

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PATTERN DATABASE

PATTERN DATABASE

Pattern completeness Sketchy

summary Use an online database to easily capture and share patterns

Argumentation Possible fields for an online pattern database

Pattern name
Pattern maturity
pattern description
how we used it in our work
scientific evidence to backup the pattern
references
pattern it supports
pattern it is supported by

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) PATTERNS, PATTERN LANGUAGES

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PATTERN LANGUAGE

PATTERN LANGUAGE

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

COMPOSTABILITY

summary Pattern languages facilitate collective sense-making of complex topics.

Argumentation Patterns are more than lists of good practices. Like a language they form a generative systems which can produce meaningfull or menaingless combinations.
Part of the work of pattern language involves identifying key links, ie links that are essential to a successful design, between the various patterns.

Finidori (2014) summarized the Strategic challenges for systemic change :
- Gaining insight on intricate wicked problems and the hidden phenomena of the system
- Catalyzing and leveraging distributed agency
- Expanding views of reality and the whole system
- Creating conditions for coordination
- Generating coherence from disparate efforts
- Fostering shared discovery and mutual recognition
- Bringing the systemic (re)generative role of commons to awareness.

In a serie of articles, she suggests that "the concept of pattern has an unfulfilled potential as cognitive technology for meaning-making, mediation, systemic configuration and exchange of knowledge, both within and across domains of human activity. In particular, patterns have properties that could help address the unity versus diversity dilemma while dealing with complex challenges."

References

Alexander, C. Ishikawa, S. Silvertsein, M.(1977). A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings,Construction(Oxford: Oxford UP).
Alexander, C.(1979).The Timeless Way of Building(Oxford: Oxford UP).
Cunningham, W. and Mehaffy, M. (2013) Wiki as pattern language https://www.hillside.net/plop/2013/papers/Group6/plop13_preprint_51.pdf

- Finidori , H. (2014) . “A pattern language for systemic Transformation (pl AsT ) – (re)generative of commons”, <http://bit.ly/11xd2of>

Finidori , H. (2014) . “An Ecology of Transformative Action Awaiting To Be Discovered”, (Spanda Journal, V,1 ).
Finidori, H. 2016 - Patterns that connect : Exploring the potential of patterns and pattern languages in systemic interventions towards realizing sustainable futures. https://www.academia.edu/27465412/Patterns_that_Connect_Exploring_The_Potential_of_Patterns_and_Pattern_Languages_in_Systemic_Interventions_Towards_Realizing_Sustainable_Futures
Finidori, H. (2018) Pattern Literacy in Support of Systems Literacy -An approach from a Pattern Language perspective.
Kuenkel, P. (2017), A pattern approach to stewarding sustainability transformation How the 17th SDGs can become a starting point for transformative change. Collective Leadership studies volume. http://wiki.collectiveleadership.com/images/c/c3/Collective_Leadership_Studies_Vol5_A_Pattern_Approach_to_Stewarding_Sustainability_Transformation.pdf
Leitner, H. Pattern Theory: Introduction and Perspectives on the Tracks of Christopher Alexander (pattern research series) (Volume 1). (2015) CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform; 1 edition
Mehaffy , M. & Salingaros N.A. (2011) . The Pattern Technology of Christopher Alexander,

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) PATTERNS, PATTERN DATABASE, SIMPLIFIED PATTERN MINING.

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PATTERN MINING PROCESS

PATTERN MINING PROCESS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

COMPOSTABILITY

summary Use simplified pattern mining process as quick start to identify key elements in a design

Argumentation

0. source material
1. identify candidate information grains : Identify key tangible of intangible elements and give them a short and explicit name
2. create file for the grain
3. tweak the name to make it explicit (PATTERN NAME)
4. add pattern description, reuse content if possible (FREE LICENCE) and reference
5. check if patterns is not granular enough and contains smaller sub-patterns
6. create sub-patterns as needed and go back and forth to adjust content between patterns

we aimed to identify relevant ingredients and brievely describe them so as to keep these in mind as we went through our design, yet keeping each of them with an APPROPRIATE GRANULARITY.

Note : Alexander's patterns always included both tangible elements (physical architectures such as building or cities) and intangible elements (the culture of people inhabiting the building/city or the psychological the architecture has on them). However people new to patterns languages usually focussed only on the tangible elements that are more easy to grasp and often overlooked the intangible aspects of the patterns. so we made these articificial division to make it more obvious to readers that are new to pattern languages that patterns not only deal with physical elements but also non physical elements.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

PATTERNS
PATTERN LANGUAGE,
PATTERN DATABASE
PATTERN STRUCTURE
PATTERN NAME

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PATTERN NAMES

PATTERN NAMES

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

COMPOSTABILITY

summary Name patterns using nouns and adjectives only so that PATTERN NAMES can be used in natural language.

Argumentation Most often, good practices are named using verbs of actions. However, using verbs to describe patterns makes it difficult to use them in natural language. Therefore use only nouns and adjectives to describe a pattern. Naming the pattern should be done with some of the contributors to ensure the names are explicit for everyone. A good pattern name should be self-describing so that the readers will get an understanding of the pattern, just by reading it.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

PATTERNS
PATTERN LANGUAGE,
PATTERN CATEGORIES
PATTERN DATABASE
PATTERN STRUCTURE
SIMPLIFIED PATTERN MINING

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PATTERN STRUCTURE

PATTERN STRUCTURE

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

COMPOSTABILITY

summary Use a light but formal structure to describe patterns.

Argumentation To ensure knowledge of various topics and scale is well described, use a formal pattern structure.

Alexander initial pattern format use problem-context-solution format. This was useful, but in the case of wicked problem, where there is a web of intricated interactions, even defining what the problem is, can already be difficult.

Empirically we found using Alexander's original structure can sometimes be too tight and does not suit every context.

Jenny Quillien quotes Jane Jacobs and the need to identify interacting variables and to separate these variables in ‘smaller segments’ because they “do not exhibit one problem which if understood explains all. They can be analyzed into many such problems or segments which are also related with one another.” And, “when the segments are separated out the behaviors of a variable when in the presence of other variables can be discerned.” (cited by Finidori, 2014)

Alexander himself later recognized that in their orginal form pattern and pattern language "do not actually allow a person to generate a good design, step by step." He tried to developp GENERATIVE SEQUENCE with mitigated results : https://www.patternlanguage.com/sequences/otherinfo/intro.html

So as a pragmatic approach the structure we used is PATTERN NAME, pattern completeness, PATTERN CATEGORY, optionnal image, pattern summary, argumentation, reference, linked patterns.

Linking to other pattern was seen as essential to keep the original idea of pattern languages, ie a network of interacting design elements.

References - Finidori , H. (2014) . “A pattern language for systemic Transformation (pl AsT ) – (re)generative of commons”, <http://bit.ly/11xd2of>
- Finidori , H. (2014) . “An Ecology of Transformative Action Awaiting To Be Discovered”, (Spanda Journal, V,1 ).
- Finidori, H. 2016 - Patterns that connect : Exploring the potential of patterns and pattern languages in systemic interventions towards realizing sustainable futures. https://www.academia.edu/27465412/Patterns_that_Connect_Exploring_The_Potential_of_Patterns_and_Pattern_Languages_in_Systemic_Interventions_Towards_Realizing_Sustainable_Futures
- Finidori, H. (2018) Pattern Literacy in Support of Systems Literacy -An approach from a Pattern Language perspective.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

PATTERNS
PATTERN CATEGORY
PATTERN LANGUAGE,
PATTERN DATABASE
SIMPLIFIED PATTERN MINING
PATTERN NAME

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PATTERNS

PATTERNS

PATTERN Category

COMPOSTABILITY

summary Use patterns format to identify and explicit key elements of as system or process

Argumentation Initially formal description of archetypal solutions to recurrent design problems. In our case we used a looser definition : identification of key ingredients of design with a description of the ingredient principle and example on how it was applied in our design.

To identify pattern we use a custom PATTERN MINING APPROACH.

References

Alexander, C. Ishikawa, S. Silvertsein, M.(1977). A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings,Construction(Oxford: Oxford UP).
Alexander, C.(1979).The Timeless Way of Building(Oxford: Oxford UP).
Cunningham, W. and Mehaffy, M. (2013) Wiki as pattern language https://www.hillside.net/plop/2013/papers/Group6/plop13_preprint_51.pdf

- Finidori , H. (2014) . “A pattern language for systemic Transformation (pl AsT ) – (re)generative of commons”, <http://bit.ly/11xd2of>

Finidori , H. (2014) . “An Ecology of Transformative Action Awaiting To Be Discovered”, (Spanda Journal, V,1 ).
Finidori, H. 2016 - Patterns that connect : Exploring the potential of patterns and pattern languages in systemic interventions towards realizing sustainable futures. https://www.academia.edu/27465412/Patterns_that_Connect_Exploring_The_Potential_of_Patterns_and_Pattern_Languages_in_Systemic_Interventions_Towards_Realizing_Sustainable_Futures
Finidori, H. (2018) Pattern Literacy in Support of Systems Literacy -An approach from a Pattern Language perspective.
Kuenkel, P. (2017), A pattern approach to stewarding sustainability transformation How the 17th SDGs can become a starting point for transformative change. Collective Leadership studies volume. http://wiki.collectiveleadership.com/images/c/c3/Collective_Leadership_Studies_Vol5_A_Pattern_Approach_to_Stewarding_Sustainability_Transformation.pdf
Leitner, H. Pattern Theory: Introduction and Perspectives on the Tracks of Christopher Alexander (pattern research series) (Volume 1). (2015) CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform; 1 edition
Mehaffy , M. & Salingaros N.A. (2011) . The Pattern Technology of Christopher Alexander,

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) PATTERN MINING APPROACH, PATTERN LANGUAGES, PATTERN DATABASE, COMPOSTABILITY, APPROPRIATE GRANULARITY.

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PEER LEARNING

PEER LEARNING

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

STRATEGY

summary Create conditions so that participants can learn from each others

Argumentation Although “official” experts are often seen as the only source of valid knowledge, in collaborative processes, all participants are considered to be peers that to some extends can bring knowledge to the group and the process.

References

Sanojca, E.. Les compétences collaboratives et leur développement en formation d’adultes : le cas d’une formation hybride. Education. Université Rennes 2, 2018. Français. PHD Thesis. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01709910

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ECOSYSTEM

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PILOT COMITEE

PILOT COMITEE

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

STRATEGY

summary Use the help of a pilot comitee to get outside feedback on strategy design.

Argumentation Finding the best strategy for a complex context with diverse participants and partners is challenging (CULTURAL CONTEXT). To get feedback (REFLEXIVE PRACTICES) and refine the strategy, the CORE ORGANIZATION GROUP looked for advice from a pilot comitee composed of researchers with strong interest in participative approaches.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) CULTURAL CONTEXT, REFLEXIVE PRACTICES, CULTURAl CONTEXT

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POSTURE OF THE RESEARCHER

POSTURE OF THE RESEARCHER

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

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PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION

PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

summary Use a PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION to remain adaptive and embrace surprises.

Argumentation Rapidly changing contexts often require realignment of project designs. Sustainability science approaches must also remain adaptive.

As discussed by Oberlack et al in Theories of Change :

Once elaborated and agreed upon, ToCs provide a mental model representing a project approach at a given time. However, tension can arise between the explicit knowledge formalized in ToCs and the evolving tacit knowledge generated in the day-to-day practices of project members.

Therefore,

To remain a useful tool over time, formalized systemic approaches require ongoing critical reflection and adjustments to ensure that they meaningfully reflect new conditions, new information, and can update strategies.

Oberlack et al found that this occurred especially in long term projects (five to ten years), in which regular internal and external project reviews could be organized, creating space for processes of reflection.
source : Oberlack et al 2019

References Oberlack et al 2019

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

REFLEXIVE PRACTICE

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PRODUCTION-ORIENTED METHODS

PRODUCTION-ORIENTED METHODS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION RECIPES

summary Use or design methods explictly focussed on producing specific results or materials.

Argumentation Meeting can be design with rules that explictly ask participants to produce something (list of actions, plans, writen or visual synthesis, ...). It is particularly interesting to build upon material collected in previous sequences (STRING OF SEQUENCE) and take it further ( OUTPUTS AS INPUTS). Often use TIME CONSTRAINTS

References

Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) STRING OF SEQUENCE, OUTPUTS AS INPUTS, TIME CONSTRAINTS

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PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS

PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

STRATEGY

summary Facilitatig the emergence of collective intelligence within a group requires professional expertise.

Argumentation Helping groups going through structured activities to collborativelly reach goals requires specific skills. Although some researchers might have such skills scientists, having PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS can help researchers focus on the content while having facilitators work on the process.

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PROGRESSES AND CHALLENGES

PROGRESSES AND CHALLENGES

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

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PROJECT DATABASE

PROJECT DATABASE

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

summary Use an online database to share related project of interest.

Argumentation Projects of interest can be shared by organizers and all participants.
We used pages generated by YesWiki , but as we didn’t promoted it enough it wasn’t used much. Needs to have ANIMATION.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS, ONLINE WHO’S WHO, MAP OF PARTICIPANTS, ONLINE POLLS

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PROTOTYPE

PROTOTYPE

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN

summary Conceive your workshops or sequences as prototypes to learn from and improve

Argumentation In a complex environment traditionnal planning doesn't work and it is impossible to get thing right at first. therefore, think everything you design whether a sequence or a workshop, as prototype, a tool that you are going to try, evaluate and improbe. The first workshop was used as prototype to see if the facilitation methods and the codesigns strategy was of interest. mostly researchers + external experts

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

RISK-TAKING
REFLEXIVE PRACTICE
ITERATIVE PROCESS

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PROTOTYPING

PROTOTYPING

PATTERN Category

STRATEGY

summary Build early samples or models to test a concept or process and get realworld feedback

Argumentation A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process. It is a term used in a variety of contexts, including semantics, design, electronics, and software programming. A prototype is generally used to evaluate a new design to enhance precision by system analysts and users. Prototyping serves to provide specifications for a real, working system rather than a theoretical one.

References

Prototype (Wikipedia): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototype

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PUBLICATION DATABASE

PUBLICATION DATABASE

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

summary Use an online database to share related scientific material of interest.

Argumentation Publications and other scientific materials can be shared by organizers and all participants.
We used pages generated by YesWiki , but as we didn’t promoted it enough it wasn’t used much. Needs to have animation.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS, ONLINE WHO’S WHO, MAP OF PARTICIPANTS, ONLINE POLLS, PROJECT DATABASE

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REAL LIFE POLITICAL CONSTRAINTS

REAL LIFE POLITICAL CONSTRAINTS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

summary Take power relationships into account when working on solutions/actions.

Argumentation Hidden agendas and power asymmetries can jeopardize success, and thus demand special attention when planning knowledge co-production.
Once project participants return to their “real life” institutional settings, shaped by strategic reasoning and established power relations, they might change the positions defended earlier or even veto agreement reached earlier.
Therefore,
In order to achieve project goals, focus more on existing power relationships outside the stakeholder meetings and take them into account when working on solutions/actions.

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REAL LIFE POLITICAL CONSTRAINTS

REAL LIFE POLITICAL CONSTRAINTS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

ENABLING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS

summary Work while keeping in mind real-life constraints

Argumentation Models can work beautifully on papers but real life political constraints, tension between groups, hierarchy can strongly affect the outcomes so you need to be prepared to accomodate these constraints.

Hidden agendas and power asymmetries can jeopardize success, and thus demand special attention when planning knowledge co-production.
Once project participants return to their “real life” institutional settings, shaped by strategic reasoning and established power relations, they might change the positions defended earlier or even veto agreement reached earlier.
Therefore,
In order to achieve project goals, focus more on existing power relationships outside the stakeholder meetings and take them into account when working on solutions/actions.

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REFLEXIVE PRACTICE

REFLEXIVE PRACTICE

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN

summary Use time of REFLEXIVE PRACTICE to get feedback and learn

Argumentation Individually or as a group it is important to take time for reflexivity to become aware of what you learned. Use evaluation mechanisms, feedback from peers, ...

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION

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REGULAR GOAL ASSESSMENT

REGULAR GOAL ASSESSMENT

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

STRATEGY

summary Assess and reevaluate your goals regularly to make sure you're on the right track

Argumentation Regular reevaluation of goals : Whether before the workshop, during the workshop or after it, keep asking yourself are the initial goals still useful ? Are we in the right direction ?

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

RISK TAKING,
ITERATIVE PROCESS
MEANINGFULL AND ATTAINABLE GOALS
FUZZY GOALS
REFLEXIVE PRACTICES
CONTINUOUS REFLECTION PROCESS

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RETROSPECTIVE

RETROSPECTIVE

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION RECIPES

summary

Use retrospective formats to look back at events that took place, or works that were produced and adjust your strategy.

Argumentation In agile development, retrospectives play a very important role in iterative and incremental development. At the end of every iteration a retrospective is held to look for ways to improve the process for the next iteration.
Several methods exists to perform retrospectives.

References

Retrospective (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrospective

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REVERSE FRAMING

REVERSE FRAMING

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

summary Reverse framing to explore new paths.

Argumentation Break the way thing are done traditionnaly to facilitate EXPERIMENTATION of new ways of doing and being. For example EXPERTS AS FACILITATORS rather than delivering the truth. Create a safe space where hierarchical rôles are less present.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) EXPERIMENTATION, EXPERTS AS FACILITATORS

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RISK-TAKING

RISK-TAKING

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

STRATEGY

summary to find new paths, organizers and participants must go outside their comfort zone, experiment new ways of being and doing.

Argumentation to find new paths, organizers and participants must go outside their comfort zone, experiment new way of being and doing. Secure MEETING FRAMEWORK and EXPLICIT WORKING AGREEMENTS help participants feel secure about experimenting. PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS working on the process help researchers to experiment new ways of doing in secure way.
EVALUATION METHODS help to LEARN BY DOING, learn from mistakes rather than tryingto avoid them.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

MEETING FRAMEWORK
EXPLICIT WORKING AGREEMENTS
PROFESSIONAL FACILITATORS
EVALUATION METHODS
LEARNING BY DOING

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ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE

ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

summary
Characterize what the ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE in shaping TRANSFORMATION for SYSTEMIC CHANGE

References Oberlack 2019.

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SAFE SPACE

SAFE SPACE

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN

summary Design you meeting so that everyone feels safe to express his opinions.

Argumentation When we feel judged we tend to close ourselves. In workshop participants who are not feeling secure will remain silent or not feel allowed to express their ideas. this reduces strongly the possibility that collective intelligence can emerge. There fore, create a safe space where everyone feels allowed to speak and be heard respectfully. Use MEETING FRAMEWORK to make the rules explicit.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

MEETING FRAMEWORK

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SHARED GOALS

SHARED GOALS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

summary
Establish shared goals to ensure move collectively in the same direction

Argumentation ToC practice requires enabling operational conditions.
ToCs are resource-intensive due to their continuous, participatory character. As noted, ToCs are especially useful if elaborated collaboratively and employed in an ongoing process of critical reflection and learning. This requires that project members and stakeholders are willing and able to spend sufficient time and resources actively engaging in the process. Our review showed that ToC use was particularly successful when projects explicitly budgeted and planned the process in advance, and agreed on joint meetings from the beginning. Nevertheless, we also found that joint elaboration of ToCs with all project stakeholders, often from different backgrounds, can be challenging, and compromise may be necessary to agree on goals. Indeed, establishing shared goals is essential to developing ToCs that can be used to generate transformation knowledge.
source : Oberlack et al 2019

References Oberlack et al 2019

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SHARED LANGAGE

SHARED LANGAGE

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

summary Build a shared language as your knowledge about the topic and mutual understanding increase.

Argumentation
Reformulate, identify FERTILE DISAGREEMENTS, translate technical jargon, …

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SHARED LANGUAGE WORKSHOPS

SHARED LANGUAGE WORKSHOPS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN

summary Take dedicated time to build mutual understanding and a common language for the questions you want to answer.

Argumentation Oberlack et al 2019 "ToCs help to shape the interfaces between disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary activities.
ToCs can support joint transdisciplinary programming by engaging project stakeholders in an in-depth discussion of project activities, pathways to impacts, assumptions about change, KNOWLEDGE GAPS, and expected outcomes. ToCs may provide a shared object for debates between scientific and societal actors, helping them build a joint, cumulative understanding of how and why particular activities did or did not produce particular changes. Nevertheless, ToC processes alone are seldom sufficient to overcome underlying epistemological differences between stakeholders from different disciplines.
In some of the reviewed cases, targeted workshops were necessary to address and jointly define the conceptual foundation of a given transdisciplinary endeavour."

References source : Oberlack et al 2019

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SHARED RECIPES

SHARED RECIPES

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

COMPOSTABILITY

Argumentation If we want to be sustaibable we can’t afford to reinvent the same thing all the time. Moreover innovation in general and scientific research in particular is a social process where work done by some gets improved by others.
Therefore, it is important to ensure all the methods are shared in a way that make it easy for others to reuse and readapt.
All the methods and tools used by the facilitators were shared on the wiki plaform at the end of every workshop.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) COMPOSTABILITY, APPROPRIATE GRANULARITY, FREE LICENCE, FREE/LIBRE SOFTWARE, INTEROPERABILITY, PATTERNS, PATTERN LANGUAGE, SIMPLIFIED PATTERN MINING, PATTERN DATABASE

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SHARED UNDERSTANDING

SHARED UNDERSTANDING

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

STRATEGY

summary Invest time to get a shared understanding between participants

Argumentation Shared understanding of the problem to solve, shared understanding between participants (CULTURAL CONTEXT) co-create a SHARED LANGUAGE to describe the situation.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

SHARED LANGUAGE
CULTURAL CONTEXT
HIGH TRUST GROUPS

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SMALL TRANSFORMATIONAL EXPERIENCE

SMALL TRANSFORMATIONAL EXPERIENCE

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

STRATEGY

summary To change a culture, create a small transformational experience.

Argumentation Changing a culture is hard work. As a web of individual and collective representations it is highly complex and cannot be changed at once. To get a transformationnal process started, create a space where participants can live a new experience that can possibly change their views and mindset not by convincing them rationnaly with facts but by living a different way of doing and being. Use a location different from their day to day work, possibly in a place close to the issues being discussed. Design your event so that everyone feel welcome and at home. Be aware of CULTURAL CONTEXT.

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STRING OF SEQUENCES

STRING OF SEQUENCES

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN

summary can be designed as journey taking participants through various work sequences joint together.

Argumentation Use VARIOUS FACILITATION METHODS in a way that each sequence generate inputs for another sequence (OUTPUTS AS INPUTS) Sometimes you make discoveries while a game is underway that require a change in direction. one group pursued the original goal and the second worked on the new goal.
sometimes the objectives were clearly separated in different sequences, sometimes some phases were overlapping in the same sequence

References

Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/

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SUFFICIENT RESSOURCES

SUFFICIENT RESSOURCES

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

ENABLING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS

summary Ensure you have SUFFICIENT RESSOURCES for your MULTISTAKEHOLDERS approach

Argumentation Ressources includes : BUDGET, material, time, meeting spaces with ENABLING ARCHITECTURES,

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) BUDGET, ENABLING ARCHITECTURES

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SUPPORTIVE HIERARCHY

SUPPORTIVE HIERARCHY

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

ENABLING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS

summary

Supportive hierarchy is essential to allow experimentation and risk taking

Argumentation Sustainability science requires RISK TAKING and experiment new ways of doing (EXPERIMENTATION). therefore having supportive hierarchy is essential.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) RISK TAKING, EXPERIMENTATION

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SYSTEMIC CHANGE

SYSTEMIC CHANGE

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

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SYSTEMIC EVALUATION PROCEDURES AND INDICATORS

SYSTEMIC EVALUATION PROCEDURES AND INDICATORS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

summary Co-define indicators to support continuous critical reflection and learning.

Argumentation

Oberlack et al 2019 ToCs support continuous critical reflection and learning by providing indicators and procedures for project evaluation.

Metrics for evaluating transdisciplinary research are important. Spelling out the pathways to impacts can point to important indicators and procedures that go beyond traditionnal non systemic metrics (such as scientific publications and citations).
monitoring project progress against a formulated ToC enables critical reflection (PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION) and validation of assumptions about how change happens and why progress does or does not work out. This helps to improve the performance of ongoing projects, but also aids formulation of more promising ToCs for future projects.
carefully facilitated stakeholder meetings successfully enhance solution finding through open dialogue in which participants strive to understand each other’s perspectives, rather than fight for their own interests.

References

source : Oberlack et al 2019

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns)

PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS REFLECTION

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SYSTEMIC THINKING

SYSTEMIC THINKING

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

summary Look at the world with a systemic lens.

Argumentation Systems often display counter-intuitive behaviors and need to be studied from a new point of view.

Over the past 30 years, a new systemic conception of life has emerged at the forefront of science, New emphasis has been given to complexity, networks, and patterns of organization leading to a novel kind of "systemic thinking" (Capra and Luisi 2014). Buffers, stocks, flows, feedback loops reinforcing or buffering actions: exploring and
defining new systems concepts, Donella Meadows (2008) and others have helped us understand better the way systems function and given us a map of leverage points to act upon them.

References

The systems view of life: A unifying vision. F Capra, PL Luisi - 2014 Cambridge University Press.
Meadows, D.H. (2008) Thinking in Systems: A Primer (White River Junction, vT: Chelsea Green Publishing company).
Systems theory. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_theory
Ricaud, L. (2015) Permaculture Patterning, a design framework for systemic transformation. Spanda Journal VI,1.

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TEAM BUILDING

TEAM BUILDING

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

summary Spend time to increase mutual knowledge and collectively created perspective.

Argumentation While ToCs are typically formulated at the start of a project, changing team compositions and advances in implementation can lead to diverging ideas among project members about how change happens in the project context. This is especially the case in multi disciplinary and multicultural settings. Devoting time to reflect upon, and update, shared or distinct assumptions about how change hap- pens can help to recognize and address diverging views within teams. This process can strengthen teams by consolidating a collectively created perspective and clarifying the different roles and activities of project members. For this reason, several of the projects reviewed invested considerable resources in joint ToC reviews. They were found to enable SHARED UNDERSTANDING among diverse and geographically distributed team members.

References source : Oberlack et al 2019

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TECHNICAL CAPACITY BUILDING

TECHNICAL CAPACITY BUILDING

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

References Oberlack et al 2019

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THEATRE FORUM

THEATRE FORUM

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION RECIPES

summary Le Théâtre-Forum est un outil réflexif qui ouvre un espace d’échange et de réflexion collective, via le jeu et la prise de recul.

Il permet le croisement des points de vue, l’enrichissement mutuel et la créativité.

Véritable mise en œuvre de l’approche systémique, il introduit une nouvelle manière de débattre mais aussi d’analyser des situations, pour et par l'action.

Argumentation La méthode présente l’intérêt d’ « offrir un cadre pour débattre de façon incarnée d’une situation, en mobilisant et en rendant visibles et légitimes les réactions émotionnelles des salariés, et en permettant que le débat se situe également à ce niveau des émotions, bien distinct de celui d’une discussion abstraite classique à travers une animation en deux temps.

Un premier temps permet à un collectif accompagné par un professionnel de créer la ou les scénettes qui vont illustrer la situation difficile que ce collectif vit. C’est dans un second temps, le temps du théâtre-forum proprement dit que cette ou ces scènes seront présentées à un public plus large. Ce second temps peut être divisé en deux phases, celle du théâtre, lors de laquelle la scène est jouée, et celle du forum, au cours de laquelle le public va interagir avec un animateur pour exprimer ses ressentis et éventuellement proposer des alternatives qui pourront être jouées.

La personne qui propose une alternative va monter sur scène et interagir avec les acteurs sur la base de sa proposition alternative, qui peut viser par exemple à dépasser les limites de la scène de départ. Les acteurs réagiront à ce qui leur est proposé en cohérence avec les personnages qu’ils incarnent. Ces moments au cours desquels des personnes du public montent sur scène sont appelés « remplacements ». Le dispositif du théâtre-forum encourage donc les spectateurs à intervenir pour modifier l’action dramatique en imaginant et en testant d’« autres possibles ». En cela, "le spectateur se transforme en « Spect-acteur »» et mobilise concrètement son pouvoir d’agir pour modifier le cours des choses dont il a d’abord été témoin 16. Selon Hamel, le spectateur refuse en devenant spect-acteur «de céder son pouvoir d’agir au héro incarné par l’acteur».

References The Hash Experiment: Living The Dream
Is There Such Thing as a Failed Relationship?
Sex with an Ex: Good or Bad?
The End of Dysfunctional One-Night Stands and Heavy Realisations
The Other Woman
When a First Date Takes You to McD’s It’s Time To Demand Courtship
When a Man Texts But Never Asks You Out on a Date
I FaceTime My Man But Hate Texting Him
6 Women Share How They Manifested Love

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TIME CONSTRAINTS

TIME CONSTRAINTS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

summary Use time constraints as a tool.

Argumentation constraints on some sequences to increase creativity, force straight to the point discussion, manage large agendas, but also save time for breaks (coffee, meals) and informal times.

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TRAINING

TRAINING

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

ENABLING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS

summary Train yourself and other to work in complex situations and environments

Argumentation

internal staff training : for organizers to facilitate participative prevents
for participants to build a culture of co-creative workshops.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) CONTINOUS REFLECTION PROCESS, ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING PROCESS, COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ECOSYSTEM

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TRANSFORMATIONS

TRANSFORMATIONS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

summary Study how transformation in the system of concern unfold.

References Oberlack 2019

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UPDATED ASSUMPTIONS

UPDATED ASSUMPTIONS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

summary Devote time to reflect upon, and update, shared or distinct assumptions.

Argumentation Oberlack et al 2019 "The ToC process can aid team building.
While ToCs are typically formulated at the start of a project, changing team compositions and advances in implementation can lead to diverging ideas among project members about how change happens in the project context. This is especially the case in multi disciplinary and multicultural settings.
Therefore,
Devote time to reflect upon, and update, shared or distinct assumptions about how change happens to help recognize and address diverging views within teams. This process can strengthen teams by consolidating a collectively created perspective and clarifying the different roles and activities of project members. For this reason, several of the projects reviewed invested considerable resources in joint ToC reviews. They were found to enable shared understanding among diverse and geographically distributed team members.

References source : Oberlack et al 2019

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VARIOUS FACILITATION METHODS

VARIOUS FACILITATION METHODS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION RECIPES

summary choose various methods adapted to the goal you want to reach.

Argumentation Design thinking, Agile methodologies, Art of hosting, Improv theather, Popular education there are several powerful approaches that co-exist [ref] . In most of these practices,a facilitator leads a group towards some goal by way of a structured activity. Because they provide a framework with a common set of explicit rules, these methods can help organizations solve complex problems through collaborative play [ref gamestorming].
Being clear about the outcomes (whether it is building trust, aligning around a common vision of a problem, clarifying goals, generating new ideas, …) it is possible to choose or adapt specific methods to reach these outcomes.
By combining several sequences feeding from each other it is possible to build very sophisticated collective intelligence/co-creative space. The methods can be used combined in the same SEQUENCE or successively (STRING OF SEQUENCES).

References

Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) MEETING FRAMEWORK

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VARIOUS GROUP ORGANIZATIONS

VARIOUS GROUP ORGANIZATIONS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

summary

Use VARIOUS GROUP ORGANIZATIONS supporting the various sequences of the process.

Argumentation The spatial organization of a group has a lot of impact on its possibilities of collaboration. Therefore, use VARIOUS GROUP ORGANIZATIONS supporting the various sequences of the process.
In our case we used mostly open circle around central visual information management space (videoprojction, post-its, paperbaords…), small work groups with tables, stand up meeting for shorter dynamic interactions.

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) ALTERNATION BETWEEN SUBGROUPS AND WHOLE GROUPS

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VARIOUS HARVEST MECHANISMS

VARIOUS HARVEST MECHANISMS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

Argumentation collection of material: photos, text, mindmaps, posters, use ROLES design your harvest to capture material in format that facilitate later reuse

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VARIOUS ROLES

VARIOUS ROLES

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION INGREDIENTS

summary Assign rôles to participants to increase shared reponsability and reduce workload

Argumentation

Shared reponsability and rôles : use of roles to increase shared responsability, need less professional facilitation for large groupes

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VIDEOPROJECTORS

VIDEOPROJECTORS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

summary Use videoprojectors to easily broadcast information to a large group.

Argumentation Projectors combined with digital tools can be used to provide FEEDBACK to the group or WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS. In both cases, this ensure participants all get the same information. Make sure the image can be seen by all. Sometimes the meeting have a fixed position for the projector which might not be the best and make it a constraint for the spatial organization so it might be usefull to have your own spare projector to be able to organize the room the way that is best for you and not constrained by the room itself (ENABLING ARCHITECTURES)

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) ENABLING ARCHITECTURES, FEEDBACK, WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS

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VOLUNTARY PARTICIPANTS

VOLUNTARY PARTICIPANTS

Pattern completeness Incomplete *

PATTERN Category

WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN

summary Work only with people who are concerned and really want to participate

Argumentation Collaborative workshop work mainly because participants are concerned or passionnate about the topic. Having participants who are there under constraints are generally not very involved and their presence might actually impair the collaborative process. Therefore making the participation optionnal and relying on voluntary participants is essential.

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VOLUNTARY PARTICIPANTS/STAKEHOLDERS

VOLUNTARY PARTICIPANTS/STAKEHOLDERS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

summary

Work preferably with inherently motivated stakeholders.

Argumentation ToC processes require willingness and open-mindedness among participating stakeholders. People forced to participate make the process more difficult

References Oberlack 2019.

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WIKI OPEN PLATFORM

WIKI OPEN PLATFORM

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

SUPPORTIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

summary Use wiki to allow participants to post information online without pre-requisite

Argumentation Most often online platform requires technical knowledge or authorization before participants can contributed. However this adds some friction and prevents contribution even for advanced users. Therefore, to facilitate contribution from all, use a WIKI OPEN PLATFORM that allow for contribution without requirements beforehand.
We used the platform to facilitate the interaction before, during and after presential workshops. We shared content program and documents posted online, ONLINE WHO’S WHO with a map of workshop participants, ONLINE POLLS and visible answers.

References

Wiki (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki
YesWiki https://yeswiki.net/?AccueiL

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) ONLINE WHO’S WHO, ONLINE POLLS

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WORKING AGREEMENTS

WORKING AGREEMENTS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

FACILITATION RECIPES

summary make working agreement explicit from the start

Argumentation Set of rules and expected behaviors, presented at the beginning of every workshop. Useful to objectively weed out incorrect behaviors

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WORKSHOP CYCLE

WORKSHOP CYCLE

PATTERN Category

WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN

summary Set up a cycle of workshop to have time for improvement

Argumentation don't just a one off but series of interconnected workshops allowed for testing and improving the workshop structure and the results over a longer period of time. allow for possible evolution and adjustment.

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WORKSHOPS PATTERNS

WORKSHOPS PATTERNS

Pattern completeness Sketchy

PATTERN Category

WORKSHOP STRUCTURE/DESIGN

summary Although each workshop and context is different, there are some invariants in a structure that works.

Argumentation WORKSHOP followed roughly this structure:

OFFICIAL INTRODUCTION
MEETING FRAMING
ICEBREAKERS
ALIGNMENT
DISCUSSION/DEBATES
BRAINSTORM
PRODUCTION-ORIENTED METHODS
HARVEST
EVALUATION

References

Gray, D., Brown, S., Macanufo, J. (2010). Gamestorming, A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers, and Changemakers.
Ricaud, L. and Lacayrouze, M. 2018 Faire Ensemble, 60 cartes pour réinventer vos réunions. Card deck. https://www.metacartes.cc/faire-ensemble/recettes/

Linked patterns (Larger or smaller patterns) OFFICIAL INTRODUCTION, MEETING FRAMING, ICEBREAKERS, ALIGNMENT, DISCUSSION/DEBATES

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